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Healed. Womxn. Empowered.: CREATING HEALING SPACES FOR WOMEN IN PLACES OF CONFLICT IN NYANGA

HEALED

WOMXN EMPOWERED

n CREATING HEALING SPACES FOR WOMEN IN

University of Cape Tow PLACES OF CONFLICT IN NYANGA

(Author, 2020)

Kazeka Talisa Mbekeni

Supervisor: Amy Thompson

2020

own The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No

T quotation from it or information derived from it is to be

e published without full acknowledgement of the source.

p The thesis is to be used for private study or non-

a commercial research purposes only.

f C Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms

University o of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author.

Healed. Womxn. Empowered.:

CREATING HEALING SPACES FOR WOMEN IN

PLACES OF CONFLICT IN NYANGA

KAZEKA TALISA MBEKENI

MBKKAZ001

SUPERVISOR: AMY THOMPSON

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the Master of Landscape Architecture Degree

120 Credits

I further state that no part of this dissertation has already been or is currently being submitted for any such degree, diploma or other qualification.

Cape Town, South Africa

December 2020

DECLARATION OF FREE LICENSE

I, Kazeka Talisa Mbekeni, student number MBKKAZ001, hereby:

a) Grant the University free license to reproduce the above thesis in whole or in part, for the purpose of research.

b) Declare that:

1. The above thesis is my own unaided work, both in composition and execution, and that apart from the normal guidance of my supervisor, I have

received no assistance apart from that stated below;

2. Except as stated below, neither substance nor any part of the thesis has been submitted in the past, or is being, or is to be submitted for a degree

in the university or any other University.

3. I am now presenting the thesis for examination for the Degree of Master of Landscape Architecture.

UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN • FACULTY OF EBE • SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE PLANNING + GEOMATICS

PLAGIARISM DECLARATION

I, Kazeka Talisa Mbekeni , student number MBKKAZ001, hereby acknowledge that;

1. Plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is to use another’s work and pretend that it is one’s own.

2. I have used the APA 7th edition convention for citation and referencing.

3. Each contribution to and quotation in, this thesis proposal from the work(s) of other people has been

attributed, and has been cited and referenced.

4. This thesis proposal is my own work.

5. I have not allowed, and will not allow, anyone to copy my work.

Signature:

Signed by candidate

DDaattee::110.806.1.220.220020

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |

THANK YOU TO MY FAMILY, FRIENDS, COLLEAGUES (WHO ARE ALSO FRIENDS) AND LECTURERS FOR THE CONSTANT LOVE AND SUPPORT

THROUGHOUT THIS JOURNEY.

ZEN FOR GOING THROUGH IT WITH ME.

LEE FOR ALL OF THE MOTIVATION AND ENCOURAGEMENT AND ADVICE. YOU HAVE KEPT ME GOING ESPECIALLY THIS PAST YEAR.

JIMMY FROM HAPPY BY NATURE FOR WELCOMING ME INTO YOUR SPACE, WALKING ME THROUGH MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES AND FOR ALL

THE TEA. IT KEPT ME GOING.

FINALLY, THANK YOU TO MY SUPERVISOR, AMY THOMPSON, FOR CONSTANTLY PUSHING ME WHEN I NEEDED IT AND BEING PATIENT WITH

ME.

- KTM

CONTENTS |

Abstract

Glossary

Context and Research

Introduction

Positionality

Aims

Research question + relevance

Site

Literature Review

Methodology

Observations and Mapping

Material Exploration

Framework

Design Study

Ethics

Bibliography

...................................................5

...................................................6

.............................................7-22

............................................23-39

..........................................40-56

..................................................57

...........................................58-59

(Author, 2020)

ABSTRACT |

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a profound and widespread issue for women in South Africa, and this was demonstrated on the 4th of September, 2019

when womxn marched together to end GBV in South Africa after the death of local UCT student Uyinene “Nene” Mrwetyana. GBV is a significant obstacle for

gender equality and female empowerment in South Africa and also has long-lasting psychological effects on the women who survive these events as well as

those around them; altering the way they see themselves and others in relation to the world. There is a need for healing spaces for womxn in South Africa.

Spaces that make women feel safe (physically and mentally) and empowered.

The current healing spaces are mostly found in private clinics/hospitals patient-use (private space) and they are usually focused more on physical health (with

the use of medicinal plants) but not centred around improving mental health. Retaining healing spaces in these sorts of environments (private spaces) makes

them inaccessible. This project aims to contribute to the field of landscape architecture (and other space-makers) mainly focused on mental health and to

encourage that these spaces be made more accessible, an essential part of our everyday lives, and implemented as a design solution for environments that

could be detrimental to our mental health.

This thesis carefully unpacks the issues around gender-based violence in South Africa (such as safety, representation and memorialization of local women,

female empowerment, and mental health) and theories such as ecotherapy and ecopsychology to understand how the landscape can be used to provide a

safe and healing environment for local women. Healing typically consists of cognitive restructuring (changing ideas around self-worth) and, in this study, it is

explored at two levels. The one, empowerment is looked at more as a visual practice that takes place within the public realm whilst the other, inward-looking,

self-discovery and meditative practice is looked at more as an experiential practice that takes place in the private realm.

The chosen area of study is Nyanga (located in Cape Town, South Africa) which has been known to be the murder capital of South Africa. This area has also

been identified as one of the top 30 GBV hotspots in South Africa with abuse and murder of women and children queer people in South Africa amongst the

highest in the world. Zooming in on the Nyanga taxi Interchange precinct as the area that local women in Nyanga occupy most and unpacking the conditions

of these used spaces and the key activities within this area which will inform the project and; majority-female informal trade taking place, the day clinic,

the vegetable garden, and the under-utilized private land; to properly understand how these could be strategically integrated to create healing spaces for

everyday use.

(Author, 2020)

GLOSSARY |

Terms used and explored in this study

PLACES OF CONFLICT |

This refers to a physical place. Environments that expose people to violence or high stress/anxiety.

This also refers, largely, to mental state (i.e. space in the mind occupied by thoughts and emotions).

Understanding the mind as a place which can be occupied (by thoughts and emotions). The trauma that has

scarred women; changing their ideas and thoughts on self-worth/ the way they see themselves and the way

they see others, feeding their anxiety, depression and feelings of isolation. This trauma, therefore, makes the

mind a place of conflict.

HEALING SPACES |

Safe spaces that are focused mainly on the psychological healing of the users of the spaces. Spaces that allow

users (women) to process and improve their mental state through their relationship with nature.

WOMXN |

This is an alternative term to the words “women” or “woman” which, in the standard spelling, contain and are

derived from the words “men” or “man” respectively. This term is not aimed at silencing men or seeing them as

lesser beings but rather tackles the imbalance within society that dictate that “women” need men to exist. This

is an empowering feminist term which breaks the idea that women need men to find their voices or strength.

F ~ ~ " ' - - .

-- :::::::::---__

- - - ..___

(Author, 2020)

'"-- - .,,_____O

RESEARCH & CONTEXT|

Introduction|

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a pressing issue for women in South Africa. These events (i.e.

sexual abuse, physical abuse and even emotional or verbal abuse) have lasting psychological

effects. Women who have been scarred by these events in the past can develop mental

illnesses that are linked to the way they act, the way they see themselves, others, and the

world as well as the way they process and react to future events. Some women turn to a life

of violence and crime, abusing their abusers or others in an attempt to regain their power, or

they abandon their children (who are now left vulnerable with a lowered sense of self-worth).

This depreciation in the mental state is heightened when they feel isolated or that they do

not have a support system to help them work through some of these issues (Artz, Hoffman-

Wanderer, and Moult, 2012). Ecopsychology is one of the ways that designers can create

spaces that help women heal. This theory was first discussed by Theodore Roszak and is the

integration between natural systems and human psychology. However, this theory is poorly

acknowledged and used in practice and so there are limited studies and precedence related

to this concept (Summers & Vivian, 2018) and even less to draw from, in this regard, within

the South African context. This interrelation that exists between ecosystems and human

psychology - referred to as ecopsychology - could be the key to healing the mental state of

people who have experienced traumatic events (Summers & Vivian, 2018).

There are a few factors that stand in the way of this healing process and that is largely related to

the human relationship with and perception of nature. Nature is often given a value based on

the resources it is able to produce (such as freshwater or food) and other benefits and qualities

of nature are often overlooked or seen as unimportant (Summers & Vivian, 2018). This way

of thinking has created distance between people and nature, with technology evolving and

taking its place in our lives. People have developed a codependency with technology rather

than nature, making people more distant from one another and less emotionally available to

other humans (Summers & Vivian, 2018).

(Author, 2020)

Positionality|

WOMAN | SAFETY

I am a woman who has spent her entire life living in South Africa and as such, I understand the issues around

safety for women within the public (and sometimes private) realm. I always carefully consider the safety level of

a space before entering and am constantly having to think of ways I can make spaces safer for myself (i.e. being

accompanied by a friend(s), sharing my live location and constantly letting people I trust know where I am). It

is emotionally, mentally and physically taxing to prepare myself or a space before entering it. Hearing about

women who have had their safety compromised builds on existing fears and complexes and makes it difficult

to occupy a space.

HEALING |

Apart from education, my family has always stressed the importance of helping and caring for others; to the

point that almost all of my relatives have gone into their careers with the hopes of “helping people” and making

a positive change. I come from a family of doctors. My grandfather, grandmother, aunts, mother and father are

all in the medical field, and so, I have been charged by notion of “healing”.

HEALING THE LANDSCAPE | LANDSCAPES THAT HEAL

During my undergraduate degree (Bachelor of Architectural Studies-UCT), I came across works by Aldo Van

Eyck. He had designed hundreds of playgrounds after World War 2. The sites for some of these public spaces

were areas strewn with debris after the war (refer to image 1). I was fascinated with the idea of healing the

landscape and how he was able to create joy in these scarred spaces within the urban landscape (refer to

image2). This also inspired my notions of play in design.

Image 1: Aldo Van Eyck’s Playground

Before

Image 2: Aldo Van Eyck’s Playground

After

https://i.pinimg.com/originals/48/8c/0d/488c0df3395711fe04b5cd2f9c6a341a.jpg

Aims|

This project aims, primarily, to create healing (psychological)

landscapes for womxn. These spaces are aimed largely

to aid in the healing process of GBV survivors but it is also

accessible to other womxn who feel that they may need

the space. These spaces should make womxn feel safe and

empowered, improve mental health and connect people to

nature.

This project also aims to highlight the importance and

urgency in creating safe spaces for women in South

Africa, highlight mental health and encourage that it be

considered when designing space, unpack the ideas around

ecopsychology in landscape architecture and how they can

be applied in the South African context

(Author, 2020)

MANI-

FESTO

Healing

Womxn

Empower

(Author, 2020)

The making of this model was not about the final product

but rather the process and the narrative told in this way. The

cubes alongside represented the women. The pieces of lead

were broken (this represented the breaking of old ideas and

habits) and were then placed in the resin (which represented

the rebuilding of these ideas that women have of them selves

and ideas around self-worth and with the aim of healing

and empowering these women). The image alongside is a

monument-type representation of these, now, empowered

womxn.

The figure alongside represents a shelter. This shelter protects

the women and gives them a safe space for the healing process

to take place. It shields them from the outside world and;

because of the type of materials used (the clear resin for the

women and the mesh) there is this idea of the women hidden

in plain sight.

The manifesto was drawn from this initial model. The mesh is

gold and this is inspired by the Japanese art of Kintsugi, where

broken pottery is mended with gold. Through this the cracks,

which are usually the weakest part of the material, are now the

strongest and add value to the pottery. I set have set out to do

a similar act with my intervention (which is represented in the

gold mesh in the figure alongside). The aim of the project is to

create a place that allows women to heal and, at the same time,

is able to empower them, where their cracks or trauma do not

define or break them but rather show their strength in all they

have endured.

This model uncovered a new way of working through ideas and

thoughts using the “process of making”. This making process

would be used throughout the project and would form part of

the methodology and experimentation.

How can the landscape be used to create spaces that improve the

mental state of women in South Africa?

Looking at ideas developed around ecopsychology (the link between ecology and psychology) and

investigating how this theory can be applied in the real world and, specifically, the South African context.

Sub-questions

How does one create safe spaces for women in South Africa?

- Looking into how these spaces look and sit within the South African context and what characteristics

make them safer for women.

Can one create public healing spaces?

- Looking into whether or not it is possible to make healing spaces public and to what degree these

types of spaces be can be made accessible while also fulfilling their role of functioning as a healing

space.

Can form follows function logic be used, in design, to create healing spaces?

- Looking into form follows function logic used in design and how this could be used to create spaces

that serve the function of healing.

How does one connect people with nature?

- Looking at the tools and techniques used to develop a bond between people and nature.

------- Relevance | -------------------

WHY PSYCHOLOGY |

In 2001, the World Health Organisation predicted that, by 2020, mental health disorders will be the second

largest contributors to disease burden worldwide. This highlights that there is a need to make spaces that

respond more to people’s mental health and that this should also be guiding the design. They also noted that

stigma, discrimination and neglect prevent care and treatment from reaching people with mental disorders.

WHY WOMEN |

GBV and safety for women has been a growing concern in South Africa (with our country having one of the

highest rates of femicide in the world. Less than a year ago, women in South Africa, marched together to speak

out against GBV. The GBV marches highlighted the need for more safe spaces for women in South Africa, the

traumas faced by women in this country and the psychological effects of these events on the women involved as

well as people around them.

Relevance |

gbv

ta you wont ,o to lk obout

womxn

control

support

meditation

i•ntent vs. i•mpact

anxiety

psychoanalysis

SO YOU WANT TO TALK ABOUT

trauma scarring

isolation

repression

ecopsychology

Depression

ecotherapy

healing landscapes

safe spaces

This graphic shows my understanding of the journey of the womxn who would be using this space from

stories shared in the news, documentaries and social media.

Looking at GBV and the psychological impact it has on the women.The healing space becomes a space

for them to rebuild; unlearning and breaking from previous ideas of self-worth as part of the healing

process and leaving as empowered womxn.

(So You Want To Talk About, 2020)

https://www.instagram.com/soyouwanttotalkabout/

and aadapted by author

sanctuary

iO ) ' OU wnnL r.o l"B l k oboul

unlearning

self-worth

healing

empower

Relevance |

Be our authentic

selves.

)

show affection to a

woman i'm in a romantic

relationship with s oi

don't get hate erimed

)

Hold my gfs hand

in public

I'd do whatever i

want without the

fear of being judged.

)

Feel safe.

)

share my story

without fear of

shame or

discrimination

Feel safe for the

first time in years

live without fear

ditch my

peppers pray

)

Live

24hrs without dreading

how a man could hurt

me every move I make.

)

Be able to sleep

peacefully at night,

no fear that I'll get

broken into and raped

)

leave my pepper

spray at home

)

Run late at night

)

Take a walk

outside with my

headphones on .!

)

Walk around my

neighborhood... sounds

silly but I've been wanting

to for a while now

Go for a jog, take walks at

night, go to the mall alone, I

wouldn't have to watch my

back whenever public pl

)

Go for a jog at 8pm

Go for a walk alone

)

Walk through the mall

without comments or

looks from men about

my body

)

Overall feel safe

when I leave the

house.

)

Go on a photography

excursion in all the

quirkiest parts of my city

" I love urban settings

)

I'd be free to share

my political opinions

without being told

that it's invalid

)

go toa party

wearing what i

want without fear

)

Explore my

surroundings on foot

without the fear of being

ambushed or followed .

Probably camp ,and

take a walk at night

wearing what I want

go to a party

wearing what i

want without fear

)

I would actually go for

a run by myself with

my loving doggo down

to the beach in the AM .

)

go out alone at night

and even during the

day with my friends

)

Go to the botanical

gardens alone and

just walk around and

enjoy the scenery

a walk!! a really long

walk everywhere w

whatever I wanna wear

on and my music playing

Be free to do

whatever I want and

not be scared to go

out alone

)

go to the beach at

midnight and skate

on the roads during

sunset

)

Go to the

bathroom alone

)

Take a walk at night,

or even during the

day, alone.

Leave my home

without glancing

over my shoulder

ever five seconds

Go outside

without

supervision

go shopping alone

go to the

beach alone

(Zero Justice Zero Peace, 2020)

https://www.instagram.com/p/CEn9rLbDLcE/

)

walk at night

)

Go for a run or

walk alone

)

Watch the sun set whll e

going on a Jog. wearing

headphones, blasting m~

favoril e songs in my ear.

Go for a walk

i would live with no

fear and go walking

outside without

looking behind me

)

walk around

my town

Relevance |

----------------------------

The image on the preceding page is taken from an Instagram poll which was conducted by @zerojusticezeropeace, an account which aims to bring

awareness on important and pressing issues. The poll asked female followers in South Africa what they would do if men were not around for 24 hours.

This poll was conducted just after women’s month. It came about as a result of the increase of GBV cases in South Africa during the national lock-

down (implemented by President Cyril Ramaphosa as a response to spreading of COVID-19) leaving many women in South Africa locked in with their

abusers. All of the answers that came from this poll show that women do not feel safe or comfortable around men with most women expressing simple

wishes like the ability to take a walk or jog alone. This poll also demonstrated that women find it difficult to exist in public spaces and that women are

constantly trying to find ways to make public spaces safer for themselves.

This shows the need for public spaces for women, which are safer and address more of their needs. This also shows that women need space to heal to

address some of their anxiety and fear linked to men and space. Lastly, this shows that a dialogue needs to take place between men and women. In the

built environment men and women need to rethink pubic spaces and how they can be redesigned to allow women exist. In society, as a whole, women

and men need to speak more about these issues so that change can start to happen.

Site |

Nyanga, the area of study, is an informal settlement within the Cape Flats

(which also holds Gugulethu, Phillipi, Mitchell’s Plain, some of the most of

the disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Cape Town). Nyanga is situated just

south of the Cape Town International Airport and is about 18km east of

the Cape Town city centre. The first residents of Nyanga settled as a result

of the Migrant Labour Laws (which formed part of Apartheid legislation).

These were male migrant labourers originating from the Eastern Cape

province with most (if not all) of the residents predominantly Xhosa-

speaking. Hostels were developed for these workers to live during their

time of employment (Seleoane, 1985). Although Nyanga was originally

developed for male labourers, over the years, more and more women

occupy this area but the spatial planning has remained the same even

though the migrant labour laws have long fallen. This has resulted in

unequal spaces throughout Nyanga where women occupy very few public

spaces.

Nyanga has also been highlighted as one of most dangerous areas in

Cape Town and, at one point, considered to be the murder capital of

South Africa. This area has also been identified as one of the top 30 GBV

hotspots in South Africa with abuse and murder of women and children

queer people in South Africa amongst the highest in the world.

Nyanga has, largely for the problems discussed above, been identified as a

place of conflict in need of more spaces for women and in need of healing

spaces for the women of Nyanga.

Table

Mountain

18km

! ) i l ---+-Y' ~

-----~ -----

, t/

'··'.-\\

'•~

_--,;

(Seleoane, 1985)

adapted by author, 2020.

(Author, 2020)

1948

1946

1960

1956

T (Author, 2020)

1976

1980’s

1990

(

2001

(Author, 2020)

1940

Was enlarged to

include the Nyanga

Nyanga was established

with 210 houses

Transit Camp and the

settlement of Mau Mau

for migrant labour

predominantly from the

Eastern Cape.

Residents of Nyanga

were active in joining a

Black migrants were forced

national call to protest

to settle in Nyanga as

against the apartheid

Langa became too small.

laws passed in 1960

Later they were active

in the 1976 student

uprisings against the

use of Afrikaans as first

language in schools.

Nyanga became

notorious for it’s Black

on Black faction violence

that was perpetrated by

the police

(E>{z; ·. /~ \\

't~i:11 )

•~-•

(Author, 2020)

...

2010

It had a population of 58,452

of whom 99.54% were African

and 50% of the housing units

(13,734) were informal dwellings.

unemployment was estimated at

around 56%

(Author, 2020)

Map showing location of Nyanga.

(Google Earth) earth.google.com/

web/.

adapted by author 2020

(Ubuntu, 2018)

Lit. Review |

Healing Spaces |

There are many beautiful parks around South Africa which have a calming effect and are able to bring joy (such as the Green Point Urban Park and

Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens in Cape Town) however; this is not a consistent experience. These gardens can not always be used as healing

or calming spaces because the activities of these gardens do not support all of the methods of healing or calming down. Practises such as meditation

require a level of stillness and quiet and some people may prefer privacy which is hard to achieve in these gardens as they have spaces which look over

one another, multiple points of entry spaces and loud activities (such as gatherings and events) taking place which can disrupt the healing process.

These gardens have clearly not been made to function as calming spaces but rather for recreational use.

The role of functionalism is to address issues and needs of the people the spaces are designed for (Herrington, 2016). With this logic in mind, a design,

whose form is not driven by the core functions of the space, can lead to a poor performing space. The different activities taking place in the space

should support one another. Therefore, the form of a healing space should be driven by its function, with the activities taking place in one part of the

space, supporting and respecting the role of the activities taking place in another part of the space.

When looking at a simple Japanese Zen Garden, one can see that the forms give users a sense of privacy and isolation in the space through the use of

densely vegetated green edge and in some cases, just the use of a high wall. This sense of isolation frees the user of the space from distractions which

could disturb the healing process. The space uses simple forms in certain parts of the garden and organic and fluid forms in order to calm the mind. A

simple and limited colour palette is chosen for vegetation and materials to prevent from over-stimulating the mind. The Zen garden has been created

mainly to function as a meditative space and the form of this garden clearly supports this.

Operative functionalism is one type of functionalism whose logic could be used in the development of this project. It is useful because it acknowledges

that different people are attracted to different things and so forms are created to hold different functions (Herrington, 2017) within the larger design,

catering to different people’s needs for a well functioning healing space.

Lit. Review |

Connecting People with Nature|

There is a language which exists in landscape architecture which is translated to people through the layering of materials, form and space. This language can be used to bring forward, old memories and even unlock

memories we didn’t know existed, either within our own individual subconscious or memories of a place or community (Herrington, 2017). In this way, the landscape can begin to teach of our past so that we can learn

important parts of our history and ourselves which have been forgotten which connect us to nature. In this way we can start to rebuild our relationship with natural environment

Memories.

Memories are our recollection of past events, although individual memories can often fade and distort over time if they are not recorded. Collective memory is memories that are shared and passed down in

communities and these are the memories that determine how we are socialized and the traditions that we carry forward (Barthel, Folke, and Colding, 2010). These sorts of memories can be traced back thousands

of years. However, these traditions (or collective memory) is what society or a community have chosen to be relevant and important and so, some of the memories (which have an effect on the people we become)

are lost in our minds but can still live within us memory symbols (Barthel, Folke, and Colding, 2010).

The landscape also has memory, and this is shown by the way the land has been formed by past events. These memories come to us in the form of the waterbodies (such as rivers, streams and lakes), mountains

and the flora and fauna. The latest layer being built fabric which shows human settlement patterns. The landscape maintains these memories even though the landscape is always changing. There is a layering that

takes place in the landscape and the past can be uncovered and seen through the landscape.

Symbiosis between Land and People

The Cape Town landscape was once occupied by the San who were very connected to land. They relied on the land for sustenance and learned the patterns of the natural environment and stayed connected to the

earth (Anderson, and O’Farrell, 2012). The San respected the land. Because they were nomadic, they would make temporary changes in the landscape and then move, giving patches that they had altered (through

grazing of cattle) time to heal (Anderson, and O’Farrell, 2012).

The Shifting Perception – People over land

When human settlement began, our perception and relationship with nature began to change. The ideas that the San had about maintaining balance between people and nature and respecting the land became a

lost narrative. People no longer sought to live in harmony with the landscape but rather saw nature as a resource which could be exploited for our benefit (Anderson, and O’Farrell, 2012). The landscape was altered

for people to live and the natural environment was carved to make living easier for people. Instead of going to natural resources like the San had before them, they altered the landscape to make the natural resources

easily accessible (Anderson, and O’Farrell, 2012). This shift created a detachment between people and nature.

Using Memory and Space to heal the landscape

Using ideas around memory and space, we can use the landscape to reinterpret forms, and practices from the past in order to regenerate and reveal lost memories and address current issues. The land recognizes

the practices used by the San and we can use these practices and memories to reconnect the people of today with nature. This could also begin to rehabilitate the lost fauna and flora in different patches around

South Africa but especially under-utilized and abandoned pieces of land.

Representation| Empowerment

(Author, 2020)

Lit. Review |

Perception of Women|

In an attempt to try to understand why GBV takes place I started looking at how women have been represented in public spaces. The collage on the preceding page,

has some of the more recognised monuments/statues of women in South Africa. Some of these monuments, such as the statues of female freedom fighters at Union

Buildings, are inaccessible and so the visual of powerful women is not accessible to the public. The “Long Walk to Freedom” Exhibition in Century City shows women

such as Winnie Mandela, Albertina Sisulu with their husbands (Ishmail, 2019). These women played a monumental role in the fight for freedom as well as the fight for

equal rights for women and this representation (the women holding their husbands’ hands) downplays these women’s role in the struggle and shows them in a more

supportive role rather than their individual strength (Fourie, 2020). The National Women’s Monument in Bloemfontein has a large obelisk (which could be seen as a

phallic symbol), with the statue of a woman and child at a much smaller scale, being dwarfed by the obelisk (Fourie, 2020).

There are not enough images of empowering women in the South African context (for females to look up to and enough for men to view women as powerful beings)

(Davis, 2015). There is still a huge gap in the way that women and men are represented in the public realm (Groot, 2020). The memoralisation of people is also

outdated and has largely been controlled by men (Groot, 2020).

The ideas around representation and memoralisation of women ties into ideas, previously mentioned, around female empowerment as something that takes place

in the public realm. This exploration helped identify gaps in the public spaces

Representation| Empowerment

Source images by: Sethembile Msezane , 2013-2018

http://www.sethembile-msezane.com/projects

adapted by author 2020

Lit. Review |

Female Empowerment|

The South African artist Sethembile Msezane has, over the past few years, experimented with new ways of memoralisation (TEDTalks, 2017), and shifted the idea that

statues need to be permanent to be remembered through living sculpture and live performance. These living statues show women in a more realistic and relatable

form and have the ability to make one feel seen, recognized, understood and empowered (TEDTalks, 2017). The natural form, soft medium of the skin and fabric and

human scale of these living statutes make it easier for people to connect to what is being represented. The old ideals of how statues should be made and look (large,

dominant figures made with hard metals) creates a disconnect between the viewer and the subject matter.

Living in the age of social media, the digital realm has also played a large role in the preservation of the living sculptures which exist in the physical realm only

momentarily but live on within the digital space. Statues are often vandalised and their initial meaning is lost over time. In the digital realm, these living sculptures

and the initial thoughts behind them continue to exist together and so the meaning and significance of the work is not lost (Groot, 2020).

These ideals should be brought into public space to form more meaningful connections within the context they are intended. This can bring new energy into places

and be used as a tool to change the societal views of womxn and make womxn feel seen and empowered. These ideas can also initiate a much needed dialogue within

society about issues of gender inequality, GBV and trauma (both in womxn and men) making room for healing to take place.

,, l)

METHODOLOGY|

(Author, 2020)

Observations & Mapping|

This project aims to create safe spaces for womxn for healing to take place. South Africa has one of the highest rates of Gender-based Violence

(GBV) and crime in the world. Many women do not feel safe being in public spaces.

Areas of crime/conflict/unsafe areas around Nyanga (as it is one the biggest contributors to crime and GBV in South Africa) have been identified

and mapped. Once these spaces had been identified on a larger scale, they were then interrogated at a much finer scale to understand the

quality of some of the spaces, the activities taking place around some of the crime hotspots and the public spaces that women in Nyanga occupy.

Once these areas had been interrogated, a primary “place of conflict” was identified and investigated, unpacking some of the site characteristics

that are contributing to crime, and in turn, some of the key issues that would have to be resolved in order to make this a safe space, understanding

the needs of the women occupying the space and how the space works and doesn’t work for them.

Mapping| natural

------

Effluent Pond

Irrigation pond

Natural and Semi-natural

Quarry

Stormwater depression

Stormwater pond

Transformed

.'~

.·-

, <)

ii ( i .. s.. ·

\\l-. ~ .

~-✓1/

~,:;

GUGll.L

•

+)~,o>.D + ,

I\\\\ l

y }((

~ ·;;,

--~ (

• - · sour

NYANGA

Govan Mbeki Rd/Landsdowne Rd (M5)

Settlers Way (N2)

(Author, 2020)

·i

~.Q ,

Sheffield Rd

<""S"J

. ··"': . +

-.,-~~--; .,fow..~-fil.,-~,,-,R+rn,\\,!.b.,;..s.7;._.4'.,1~,1L. '

This map looks at the natural elements which exist in the area.

Understanding water around the area and the movement of water in

and around the area and the remnant vegetation.

It is argued that the sensory qualities of wild nature increase humans’

mental and physical health. Within landscape design; James Corner

argues that many designs focus more the visual representation of

nature rather than the entropic qualities of nature. He says that the

processes that take place in nature (the sensory experience or the

“sensation of nature”) are the elements that bring people closer to

nature. Rather than trying to design nature, landscape architects

should rather focus on the processes of nature. This will bring people

closer to nature, increasing their well-being as well as increasing the

health of the ecosystems (Ebbensgaard, 2017).

These natural elements and the processes could be used in the design

to create a sensory experience (using a medium that is familiar to the

people in the area) to draw women to the healing spaces and start the

healing process as well as improve the natural ecosystems.

The main flow of water is through the canal which starts up north and

drains south in the Zeekoevlei Dam. The landscape is quite flat and so the

boundaries of the river are artificially defined. The drainage patterns in the

Cape Flats area is was largely undefined, with seasonal wetlands scattered

across the area (which can be seen on the map) which dry up in the summer

months. Some of the wetlands have been altered to assist in some of the

urban interventions which have been introduced into the area. The wetland

in the south had the last patches of indigenous vegetation in Gugulethu. The

original Lotus river was extended and canalised to deal with run-off. The river

is not well kept. There is a lot of congestion due to rubbish dumping.

Aquifer:

The Cape Flats is considered to be a major aquifer. The water sits about

3-5m below ground level with ground water recharge potential between

100-200mm. The water is noticeably salty with 150-370mS/m (Electrical

conductivity) (Western Cape Department of Agriculture, 2019)

Soils:

The area consists of range of aoelian sand. The soils in the area as a whole are

greyish, sandy excessively drained soiled. These soils have limited pedological

development.(Western Cape Department of Agriculture, 2019)

Vegetation:

Cape Flats Dune Strandveld which is an endangered vegetation type. It

stabilises sand dunes. There is very little remnant vegetation. Indigenous

vegetation on the site would be preserved. (Western Cape Department of

Agriculture, 2019)

Mapping| The Node

Zolani Centre (CS Studio Architects, 2002)

Map showing location of Nyanga Family Recreational

Park.(Google Earth) earth.google.com/web/.

Street View of Nyanga Taxi Interchange

(Google Earth) earth.google.com/web/.

The Nyanga Taxi Interchange is the main transport node

in the area. During peak hours, commuters, buses and

taxis fill this space. Throughout the day informal traders

(mostly female) occupy this space, using the area covered

by the canopy as an informal market space. The area is

also filled with shipping containers used for trade activity.

Emms Drive is one of the main roads in Nyanga and is used

to get to the main node (around the taxi interchange) and

one of the main vehicular routes out and into the city. This

road is also considered to be the most dangerous road for

pedestrians with lots of violence taking place.

The Zolani Centre is the main community centre in Nyanga and is located

across the Taxi rank with a high amount of informal trade activity taking place

along its fence. This is a multi-purpose space used for sporting activities,

cultural activities as well as administrative work where residents are able to

claim and receive pensions and grants.

The Nyanga Family Recreational Park is the

main recreational space in the area. It has a

spray park and play space for children as well

as sports facilities. There is also a large amount

of under-utilised /undefined land which can

make this space dangerous to in .

Sithandatu Ave

Settlers Way (N2)

CAPE TOWN

INTERNATIONAL

AIRPORT

Sithandatu Ave is the main activity

CAPE TOWN spine in Nyanga with high amounts of

INTERNATIONAL

AIRPORT informal trade activity taking place along

the road. This is an area that women in

Nyanga occupy the most, where almost

all of the traders identified along this

spine being female.

';ROSSROADS

Street View of Abalimi Bezekhaya.

(Google Earth) earth.google.com/web/.

This is one of the sites of Abalimi Bezekhaya. This is a non-profit

organisation that intervenes in impoverished communities

by creating micro-farms and teaching them how to grow and

harvest plants to source food.

(Author, 2020)

(

NVANGASOUTH

..................l.. ........

.....il··.

Govan Mbeki Rd/Landsdowne Rd (M5)

- ·............................................................................................................

Sheffield Rd

WEIT REltN VALLEY

750

1500m

Street View of Nyanga Day Clinic

(Google Earth) earth.google.com/web/.

The Nyanga Community Health Centre

is a day clinic and the only medical facility

located in Nyanga. This is another space

that women occupy in Nyanga. The

services available at this clinic are TB, HIV

and STI care, childcare and family planning

(CoCT).

Mapping| The Node

NYANGA TAXI

INTERCHANGE

John Pama Primary

School

Zolani

Centre

INFORMAL TRADE

CONTAINERS

PARKING

COVERED TAXI PARKING

Oscar Mpetha High School

Map showing location of Nyanga Taxi Interchange.

(Google Earth) earth.google.com/web/.

adapted by author 2020

The Nyanga Taxi Interchange functions both as a commercial and

transport hub. It therefore generates a lot of foot traffic and has many

vehicles (mainly public transport systems such as taxis and buses)

moving through the space. The area is mostly free flowing and open and

so, it is easy for people in the space to see what is happening around

the site. There are two canopy structures (informal trade and covered

taxi parking) in the space. This type of structure works well in the space

as it protects people from the elements while still allowing for visual

and physical permeability. The spaces between the commercial and

container zones can be unsafe as the structures created moments of

obstructed views.

vehicular

)

entry

pedestrian

entry

NYANGA FAMILY

RECREATIONAL PARK

Nyanga Police

Station

Hostels

fencing

SOCCER

FIELD

UNDER-

UTILISED/

UNDEFINED

LAND

PLAY

AREA

Zolani

Centre

Map showing location of Nyanga Family Recreational Park.

(Google Earth) earth.google.com/web/.

adapted by author 2020

The Nyanga Family Recreational Park is a large area with very few

defined spaces. The area is also fenced off with one main access point

into the site which limits access to the space. There is a soccer field with

floodlights and spectator seating as well as parking for visitors of the

space. There is play space and spray park (which was introduced as a

fun way of educating children about water) and netball court but these

spaces have been vandalised and some of the equipment is not usable.

There rest of the site consists of undefined space. This spaces have little

to no activity and with little activity bringing people to the space, there

is not a lot of surveillance throughout the day, making the area unsafe.

Mapping| The Node

ZOLANI CENTRE

Nyanga Family

Recreational Park

i . ............:....... ......

vehicular

)

entry

·······)

pedestrian

entry

fencing

NYANGA DAY CLINIC

Nyanga Family

Recreational Park

ABALIMI BEZEKHAYA

Nyanga Family

Recreational Park

· · ·.·. 1

l...·•......... ......·····

Sithandatu Ave

Map showing location of Zolani Centre

(Google Earth) earth.google.com/web/.

adapted by author 2020

Sithandatu Ave

Map showing location of Nyanga Day Clinic

(Google Earth) earth.google.com/web/.

adapted by author 2020

Sithandatu Ave

Map showing location of Abalimi Bezekhaya

(Google Earth) earth.google.com/web/.

adapted by author 2020

The Zolani Centre is a mix-use facility which has private office space

for administrative workers and public spaces which can be used by the

community. The indoor public facilities (which includes the basketball

court, theatre space and open meeting/gathering areas are located

closest to the main street edge (Sithandatu Ave). The public outdoor

facilities (such as the garden space and netball court etc) are located

closest to the Nyanga Family Park. This site is fenced off which limits

access to the community to the spaces which have been made for

them. This fence and the parking also takes up space which can be

used by the informal traders just outside the fence.

The Nyanga Day Clinic is the only medical facility in Nyanga and is an

area the women occupy. Female informal traders set up their stall along

either side of the entrance and almost act as guardians to this space,

watching who goes in and out of the clinic. This intense surveillance

makes this space safe for women to move through.

There is parking north of the clinic which is used by staff members. The

clinic also shares this property with the Abalimi Bezekhaya site. There

is a fence around the property to restrict access and keep the property

safe.

The Abalimi Bezekhaya site is located on the same property as the

day clinic and the two spaces share an access point. This site is fence

off to restrict access to the area and helps to keep the produce safe

(from looting). The main micro-farming garden space is clearly defined

and populated by plants but the rest of the site is not being used. This

farming activity could be extended to help grow and supply my food fo

the community.

Mapping| Crime Hotspots

Govan Mbeki Rd/Landsdowne Rd (M5)

Sheffield Rd

'•

~ ...

••

BOQUINAR

CAPE TOWN

INTERNATIONAL

AIRPORT

Settlers Way (N2)

. .·•········•• • CR( ,S~t)ADS

•♦•·······••

CAPE TOWN

INTERNATIONAL

AIRPORT

(Author, 2020)

... --···· ~·········••._:

:N VALLEY

750

1500 m

In creating a safe space for women it was important to

note and map of the unsafe spaces in the area. These

spaces could make it difficult for women to occupy these

spaces or make access to nearby spaces harder.

When looking at issues around safety in the area as a

whole, there are three crime hotspots which have been

located in Nyanga. These are spaces where cases of

aggravated robbery and murder occur more frequently

(Edelstein, Arnott, and Faull, 2020).

Hotspot 1 is the area in and around the Nyanga taxi

interchange and is located very close to the police

station. Originally, the police station was assumed as an

element that would add a layer of safety to the site but in

mapping the crime hotspots, it was made clear that this

was not the case. Upon further investigation it was noted

that the police in Nyanga are afraid to patrol the area

even during the day because of the high levels of crime

(Safetylab, 2013).

Hotspot 2 is Emms Drive which has been identified by

residents as the most dangerous road for pedestrians

which high amounts of gang violence taking place along

this spine (Safetylab, 2013).

Hotspot 3 is along New Eisleben Rd. This area is a large

string of empty land nestled between a main road and

a residential road. The lack of activity along the empty

piece of land layered with the adjacent, vehicle dominant

, road are what make this strip unsafe for pedestrians.

There is no surveillance and so people walking through

this space alone or in a small group a left exposed to

aggregated theft and murder.

RESIDENTIAL

PAVEMENT

EMMS DRIVE

Dead edge:

Fencing and the empty

plot leads to lack of

...............►

activity/surveillance.

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT

OPEN LANPDAVEMENT

OPEN LAND

RESIDENTIAL

PAVEMENT

-C:················· PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PAVEMENT

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT

/DROP OFF

Active edge:

PAVEMENT

RESIDEN/DTRIAOLP OFF

Commercial activity

spills out onto the street

which adds surveillance.

RESIDENTIAL

II 1111 II 111

DUNLOP

PAVEMENT

RESIDENTIAL

YXSIZE

XYSIZE

YXSIZE

OPEN LAND

PAVEMENT

EMMS DRIVE

BOYS 2 MEN BARBER SHOP

PAVEMENT/

PARKING

COMMERCIAL

(Author, 2020)

SCALE BAR 1:100

OPEN LAND

SPAZA SHOP

BETWEEN

RESIDENTIAL

SPAZA SHOP

PAVEBMEETNWTEEN

/DRROEPSOIDFEFNTIAL

PAVEMENT

/EDMRMOSP DORFIFVE

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT

PAVEMENT RESIDENTIAL

RESIDENTIAL

Active edge:

Spaza overhang gives RESIDENTIAL

PAVEMENT

the pavement a human

scale & level of comfort

Medium edge:

High wall of residence EMMSDRIVE

PAVEMENT

RESIDENTIAL

/DROP OFF

limits views but house

faces street.

YXSIZE

Dead edge: YXSIZE

Dead edge:

Tall building with dead High fencing and school COMMERCIAL

COMMERCIAL

PAVEMENT

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT

RESIDENTIAL

facade leads to lack of looks inward (away from TRANSPORTINTERCHANGE

(USED AS INFORMAL

TRADING)

ROAD THROUGH TRANSPORT

INTERCHANGE

activity along the edge.

street).

CONTAINERS

WITH TRADING

TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE

(USED AS INFORMAL

TRADING)

TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE

(USED AS INFORMAL

TRADING)

Safety| edge conditions ROADTHROUGHTRANSPORT

ROAD THROUGH TRANSPORT

INTERCHANGE

CONTAINERS

INTERCHANGE

WITH TRADING

CONTAINERS

WITH TRADING

Emms Drive (highlighted in red below) is one of the main roads leading up to the area of

focus. It is considered to be the most dangerous roads, nicknamed “the red carpet” by the

locals because of the bloodshed from stabbings and shootings leading to severe injuries or

15 murde2r0s taking place there (Safetylab. 2013). The road has little surveillance with the houses

having high boundary walls and being stepped back far from the street. There are areas with

open/empty plots of land. The lack of surveillance along this road makes the area unsafe,

where people can easily commit crime and escape without anyone seeing. Few people can

be found along this road and women are usually accompanied when moving along this road.

Emms Drive gives clues as to what is not working in the area and is a good informant for the COMMUNITY

type of edge conditions and spaces that women do not feel safe and won’t occupy. CENTRE

COMMUNITY PAVEMENT

CENTRE(USED AS INFORMAL

TRADING)

PAVEMENT

(USED AS INFORMAL

TRADING)

SITHANDATU AVE

PAVEMENT

TRANSPPOARVTEMINETNETRCHANGE

(USED AS INFORMAL

TRADING)

TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE

(USED AS INFORMAL

TRADING)

RESIDENTIAL

ESIDENTIAL

YXSIZE

L~J_ -· ]

RESIDENTIAL

PAVEMENT

YXSIZE

COMMERCIAL

PAVEMENT

(Author, 2020)

YXSIZE

RESIDENTIAL

XYSIZE

RESIDENTIAL

PAVEMENT

COMMERCIAL

(Author, 2020)

PAVEMENT

(USED AS EXTENSION

OF STORE)

Medium edge:

High wall of residence

limits views but house

faces street.

',,''i1 ,r

,. ~

t ,.

,t,

4ft +

,t, I

,. ..i

PAVEMENT

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT

RESIDENTIAL

COMMERCIAL

PAVEMENT

(USED AS EXTENSION

OF STORE)

PAVEMENT

EMMS DRIVE

(USED AS EXTENSION

OF STORE)

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT

RESIDENTIAL

RESIDESNCTHIAOLOL

RESIDENTIAL

t t PAVEMENT

RESIDENT(UIASLED AS

PARKING)

PAVEMENT

(USED AS

PARKING) SITHANDATU AVE

SITHANDATU AVPEAVEMENT

(USED AS INFORMAL

TRADING)

PAVEMENT

(USED AS INFORMAL

TRRAEDSIINDGE)NTIAL

RESIDENTIAL

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT

RESIDENTIAL

COMMUNITY

CENTRE

PAVEMENT

(USED AS INFORMAL

TRADING)

SITHANDATU AVE

(Author, 2020)

PAVEMENT

TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE

(USED AS INFORMAL

TRADING)

DUNLOP

BOYS 2 MEN BARBER SHOP

PEAMVMESMEDNRTIVE

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT

RESIDENTIAL

PAVEMENT

RESIDENTIAL

YXSIZE

OPEN LAND

PAVEMENT

RESIDENTIAL

PAVEMENT

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT

(USED AS

PARKING)

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT/

PARKING

PAVEMENT/

PARKINGCOMMERCIAL

COMMERCIAL

PAVEMENT

SITHANDATU AVE

(USED AS INFORMAL

TRADING)

RESIDENTIAL

PAVEMENT

OPEN LAND

RESIDENTIAL

PAVEMENT

Good edge:

No fencing on house +

house facing street adds

t (Author, 2020)

surveillance

Medium edge:

Dead edge:

High wall of residence Empty plot leads to lack

limiDtUsNvL OieP ws but house of activity/surveillance

faces street.

BOYS 2 MEN BARBER SHOP

,. EMMS DRIVE

,. ~

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

•

5 10

1015

1520

I•... t

. ,.,.

SCALE BARSC1A:1L0E0 BAR 1:100

- t

,,..

PAVEMENT

/DROP OFF

RESIDENTIAL

-- --

-~~ I TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE

(USED AS INFORMAL

TRADING)

(Author, 2020)

YXSIZE

XYSIZE

YXSIZE

OPEN LAND

PAVEMENT

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT/

PARKING

COMMERCIAL

SCALE BAR 1:100

ROAD THROUGH TRANSPORT

INTERCHANGE

Spaces for Women| activity

Street View showing Great Dutch Street

(Google Earth) earth.google.com/web/.

adapted by author 2020

There are trade facilitites which have been added

along Great Dutch Street (which is the road between

the Nyanga Family park and the police station). N9 R(

Surveillance is added through the activity from the

police station as well as the foot traffic moving north

towards hostels/residential zone. There are female

trading stalls which have developed here due to this

activity.

The Department of Home Affairs and the

Nyanga Environmental Health Offices are

both located in the area pictured on the right.

The activity generated by these facilities add

surveillance to the space and so more women

can be found here There are a few female

traders, as well as female trash collectors who

move along this street.

Street View showing Nyanga Environmental Health Offices

(Google Earth) earth.google.com/web/.

adapted by author 2020

Settlers Way (N2)

CAPE TOWN

INTERNATIONAL

AIRPORT

The image below shows Nyanga Day Clinic

(situated along Sithandatu Ave which is a road

that is mostly occupied by women) and the

CAPE TOWN way women occupy this space. The female

INTERNATIONAL traders act as an extension to the entrance of

AIRPORT

this space. Unlike the other examples of spaces

occupied by women explored on this page, the

women along this street and especially along

the clinic’s entrance actually hold and guard

the space. This is more than just a space that

they are able to occupy/exist..

Street View showing Ntlangano Cres.

(Google Earth) earth.google.com/web/.

adapted by author 2020

The activity taking place along Great Dutch Street

creates moments of safety around this zone. The image

above show one of those zones. There is a spaza shop

and a liquor store which pull from the energy taking

place on Great Dutch Street at certain times of the day

and make this zone safe to pass through.

Govan Mbeki Rd/Landsdowne Rd (M5)

Sheffield Rd

(Author, 2020)

ALLEY

Street View showing Nyanga Day Clinic

(Google Earth) earth.google.com/web/.

0•-----75c0======1:J500m adapted by author 2020

PAVEMENT

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT

OPEN LAND

RESIDENTIAL

PAVEMENT

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT

/DROP OFF

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT RESIDENTIAL

---------------- .

RESIDENTIAL

PAVEMENT

/DROP OFF

RESIDENTIAL

The area with the interchange

and community centre has trade PAVEMENT

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT

/DROP OFF

RESIDENTIAL

taking place on both sides of the

road. The interchange sheltering

structure is occupied only by

traders (mostly women). There

is a lot of activity around this area TRANSPORTINTERCHANGE

(USED AS INFORMAL

ROAD THROUGH TRANSPORT

INTERCHANGE

TRADING)

with people constantly moving

through the space.

YXSIZE

COMMERCIAL

PAVEMENT

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT

RESIDENTIAL

COMMUNITY

CENTRE

TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE

(USED AS INFORMAL

TRADING)

CONTAINERS

WITH TRADING

PAVEMENT

(USED AS INFORMAL

TRADING)

ROAD THROUGH TRANSPORT

INTERCHANGE

CONTAINERS

WITH TRADING

Spaces for Women| activity

SITHANDATU AVE

RESIDENTIAL

PAVEMENT

TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE

(USED AS INFORMAL

TRADING)

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT

(Author, 2020) OPENLAND

RESIDENTIAL

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

This study was shows the spaces that women occupy in Nyanga and how they move through

this space. The trade activity taking place along Sithandatu Avenue (highlighted below) is

female dominated. They have informal trading stalls along the pavement and in the taxi

interchange. There are containers with salons and food stalls that are owned and operated by

women around the taxi interchange. Trade takes place on both sides of the road but the areas

where the residential buildings are, trade takes place only along the one side of the street, but

still densely packed, and the other side is used mostly as parking.

PAVEMENT

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT

/DROP OFF

RESIDENTIAL

TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE

(USED AS INFORMAL

TRADING)

ROAD THROUGH TRANSPORT

INTERCHANGE

CONTAINERS

WITH TRADING

TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE

(USED AS INFORMAL

TRADING)

ROAD THROUGH TRANSPORT

INTERCHANGE

(Author, 2020) CONTAINERS

WITH TRADING

The

XYSIZE

small slip street COMMERCIAL

PAVEMENT

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT

with RESIDENTIAL

the

taxi

interchange has informal trade happening

under the shading structure and trade PAVEMENT

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT

RESIDENTIAL

taking place in metal containers. These COMMERCIAL

PAVEMENT

(USED AS EXTENSION

OF STORE)

EMMS DRIVE

containers hold a lot of the salons in

the area as well as a few food vendors.

Although this area is meant to serve as a PAVEMENT

TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE

COMMUNITY

CENTRE

(USED AS INFORMAL

TRADING)

SITHANDATU AVE

PAVEMENT

(USED AS INFORMAL

TRADING)

taxi interchange, it seems that many of

the taxis and buses stop along Sithandatu

COMMERCIAL

PAVEMENT

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT

RESIDENTIAL

(USED AS EXTENSION

Avenue rather OFSTORE) than the slip street within

the interchange.

AVEMENT

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT

RESIDENTIAL

7.......(:)

_L ! RESIDENTIAL

PAVEMENT

(USED AS

PARKING)

SITHANDATU AVE

XYSIZE

YXSIZE

OPEN LAND

PAVEMENT

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT

(USED AS INFORMAL

TRADING)

RESIDENTIAL

DUNLOP

BOYS 2 MEN BARBER SHOP

YXSIZE

XYSIZE

OPEN LAND

PAVEMENT

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT/

PARKING

COMMERCIAL

(Author, 2020)

COMMUNITY

CENTRE

PAVEMENT

(USED AS INFORMAL

TRADING)

SITHANDATU AVE

PAVEMENT

TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE

(USED AS INFORMAL

TRADING)

PAVEMENT

RESIDENTIAL

.-Y, \\'

PAVEMENT

(USED AS

PARKING)

)\\

RESIDENTIAL

.\\ ,\\

\\\\

PAVEMENT

(USED AS

PARKING)

DUNLOP

SITHANDATU AVE

PAVEMENT

(USED AS INFORMAL

TRADING)

RESIDENTIAL

BOYS 2 MEN BARBER SHOP

SITHANDATU AVE

PAVEMENT

(USED AS INFORMAL

SPAZA SHOP TRADING) PAVEMENT

BETWEEN

/DROP OFF

RESIDENTIAL

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT/

PARKING

COMMERCIAL

SCALE BAR 1:100

YXSIZE

RESIDENTIAL

PAVEMENT

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT RESIDENTIAL

PAVEMENT

RESIDENTIAL

SCALE BAR 1:100

There is a0 more5 forma1l0ised t1r5ade a2c0tivity

taking plaScCeALE BinAR 1:t1h00is area with a mix of

shipping containers and built form for some

of the other spaces. This contains a few of

the salons and a few other stalls. There

aren’t any informal trading stalls along this

area and this activity mostly happens along

the main road.

XYSIZE

RESIDENTIAL

SITHANDATHU AVE

PAVEMENT

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT

RESIDENTIAL

TAXI

INTERCHANGE

YXSIZE

COMMERCIAL

PAVEMENT

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT

RESIDENTIAL

COMMERCIAL

PROPOSED SITE

PAVEMENT

(USED AS EXTENSION

OF STORE)

EMMS DRIVE

PAVEMENT

RESIDENTIAL

YXSIZE

OPEN LAND

PAVEMENT

EMMS DRIVE

DUNLOP

BOYS 2 MEN BARBER SHOP

PAVEMENT/

PARKING

COMMERCIAL

Women occupy this space due to the high activity

taking place and the constant surveillance in the

area. The taxi interchange (labelled below) contains

a high number of female traders even though it has

been highlighted as a crime hotspot however, most

of this crime takes place due to the extremely high

movement of people in the early morning and is

COMMUNITY

CENTRE

PAVEMENT

(USED AS INFORMAL

TRADING)

reduced after peak hour.

SITHANDATU AVE

PAVEMENT

TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE

(USED AS INFORMAL

TRADING)

RESIDENTIAL

PAVEMENT

(USED AS

PARKING)

SITHANDATU AVE

PAVEMENT

(USED AS INFORMAL

TRADING)

RESIDENTIAL

(Author, 2020)

The area along Sithandatu Avenue

where the houses and hostels are on

either side of the road only has trade

on one sid0e of the5 road (1t0he side15 where20

the hostelSsCAaLEreBA)R. 1M:100any of the houses

have fencing/a clear boundary and the

hostels on the south side have been

defined by the trade taking place along

the pavement. These stall structures

seem more permanent than the stalls

closer to the interchange.

(Author, 2020)

100

The Stalls| typology

The types of stalls in and around Sithandatu Avenue have organically developed

according to the type of activity taking place close by; and form clusters of trade activity

(which can be observed on the street plan below).

(Author, 2020)

The vendors around the interchange mostly cater to travellers and women and

this can be seen by types of goods and services offered here. There is a lot of

female clothing sold within the interchange (mostly domestic worker uniforms or

clothes worn when doing chores within the home), as well as cleaning supplies.

On the other side of the road, are fruits, snacks, deodorant, gadgets, etc which

would typically be bought by people on the move.

SITHANDATHU AVE

', [

~; ~I/ . ~ (Author, 2020)

TAXI

INTERCHANGE

(Author, 2020)

The trade still takes place on both sides of the

road but there is a slight shift in trade taking

place moving east towards the residential

area. The vendors are still mostly catering

to travellers but this begins to merge with

the needs of the local residents. The goods

sold are mostly the same with the clothing

sold (mostly on the side of the road with the

community centre) now including casual

clothing for children, men and women.

(Hemis / Alamy, 2018)

https://www.travelandleisure.com/

trip-ideas/best-braai-cape-town

(Author, 2020)

The trade taking place along is situated within a residential zone. Although there

is still dense trade activity taking place, it only happens along one side of the road

(the side of the road that the hostels are located). The trade taking place along here

is mostly cooked/braai’d food (indicated with orange dots in the above plan). These

traders almost act as “take-away” spots (food which is typically bought when no one

is able to cook as they are busy, working late, too tired or would like a treat). The

smells from this area would draw in people around the neighbourhood.

The Stalls| conditions

The stalls are mostly made of materials found around the site or are located

within existing sheltered areas.

The taxi interchange has a

shaded structure, underneath

there are tables arranged

around the surface for traders

to set up stalls each day.

On the other side of the

road are fenced facilities

and the trade takes place

along that edge, with some

vendors assembling and

disassembling shelters each

day or setting up a blanket

and displaying goods on here

(sitting on the floor or the wall

and using the nearby trees for

shading).

(Author, 2020)

The stalls closer to the hostels look like they have been made

by the stall-owners with materials found around the area. These

include cardboard, steel, fabric, plastic and timber. Some of these

materials were explored in order to understand how they could

be used, and sourced and also to understand the conditions that

the women work under. The stalls along these edge seem more

permanent. The structure is left at the end of the day and so one

can see where trade would be taking place, unlike in the east where

the traders define their spaces each day.

(Author, 2020)

1 1,

(Author, 2020)

Street Views showing Sithandatu Ave Trade Stalls

(Google Earth) earth.google.com/web/.

Meat is slaughtered and cooked on site (in the

stalls). Due to lack of slaughtering facilities, the

waste from the meat will be thrown along the edge of

the street and is either taken by collectors or eaten

by stray dogs. This waste makes the area untidy

and blocks the stormwater drainage on the street

(Niyobuhungiro, 2017).

SITHANDATHU AVE

(Author, 2020)

TAXI

INTERCHANGE

1 ,t.

r ..... '

•1roo---::--::_:---=_:---=_:-::_:-::-:-::_=--==2=-0; 0m

(Author, 2020)

The trade taking place along

here consists mainly of cooked

food and traditional African

beer but hardly any handmade

goods, clothes. There are many

homes nearby and so residents

at home or on their way home

would buy from these stalls.

Street Views showing Sithandatu Ave Trade

Stalls

(Google Earth) earth.google.com/web/.

adapted by author 2020

The Stalls| needs assessment

The images on the right highlight a few

issues but primarily speak to the lack

of disposing facilities in the area where

traders leave rubbish along the edge of

the street (making the area untidy).

The image above highlights

the issues in the trading stalls

with regard to lack of seating

for vendors. This is an issue

that is constant throughout the

trading node.

.................

..............

The image above primarily speaks to the

method of cooking used in the trading

stalls. The traders use and open flame

which is kept alight throughout the

day (Niyobuhungiro, 2017). This is not

sustainable and a lot of time it wasted

to keep the fire going and a lot of money

spent on wood. This highlights the need

for a new method of cooking or more

economical ways of sourcing fire wood.

The images on the right highlight the

need for water for cleaning supplies and

workspace as well as the need to seating

for vendors who trade in the space

throughout the day.

Street Views and map showing Sithandatu Ave Trade Stalls

(Google Earth) earth.google.com/web/.

adapted by author 2020

The images on the right highlight the

issues around lack of slaughtering

facilities, where animals are slaughtered

along the street edge and the waste

scattered around the area.

Materials Study| conditions

SITE

SITHANDATU AVE

INTETRACXHIANGE

figure 1: Locality map

This materials study looks at these “self-build” materials and the way that they have been re-used and re-

purposed to create the stalls. This sheds lights on the type of materials that are easily accessible around

the area and conditions of the spaces the women occupy in Nyanga.

For the study, the type of materials found on site were sourced and tested to gain an understanding of the

nature and performance of these materials. This will be discussed later in the study.

These materials are:

1. Polypropylene (which has been used as a shading/covering element as seen in figure 2)

2. Timber (which has been used as a structuring element as seen in figure 4)

3. Steel (which has been used mostly for its ability to hold/withstand fire as well as a structuring and

covering element as seen in figure 6).

In order to understand the material and how it performs on the site, a few tests were conducted

on sample materials. These tests were based on the conditions experienced the site such as: heat

exposure from the sun, heat exposure from fire (as fire is used in and around the stalls for cooking),

friction and bending (as these are harsh conditions, these materials have many forces exerted upon

them and there are many people moving through the space).

Map showing location of Nyanga Node

(Google Earth) earth.google.com/web/.

adapted by author 2020

figure 2: Polypropylene on site

POLYPROPYLENE

,-------.................. . . . .

, , ,,I I

__ , ,,"'"'

figure 3: Polypropylene sample

(Author, 2020)

figure 4: Timber on site

TIMBER

.,,.-------

.....

_, ,,,,, ,,,,II

figure 5: Timber sample

(Author, 2020)

Street Views showing Sithandatu Ave Trade Stalls

(Google Earth) earth.google.com/web/.

adapted by author 2020

figure 6: Steel on site

STEEL

......

''\\

, , ,,,I I

...

_____

figure 7: Steel sample

(Author, 2020)

Materials Study| polypropylene

SOURCING

Street View showing Sithandatu Ave Trade Stalls

(Google Earth) earth.google.com/web/.

adapted by author 2020

HOW IT IS SOURCED ON SITE:

(Author, 2020)

This is a packaging material and is used to

package potatoes and onions etc and so it

could sourced from the commercial hub.

Polypropylene bags (used for packing/

travelling) are also sold in the transport

hub. This material could also be sourced

from nearby trash cans/junk collection

points around the area.

NATURE AND PERFORMANCE

.........................................

...... ...............................

,.figure 12: burning and

melting plastic

,·

''',

'·

figure 13: cooled and

hardened plastic

.............................

BURNING

This material insulates heat and so it

will not transfer the heat from the sun.

This means that the conditions in the

stalls could actually be cooler. This

material however, has a low melting

temperature of about 250-290 ℃.

The temperature of the simple flame

figure 14: hardened

plastic

of a candle is about 1000 ℃ and so

it will begin to melt when exposed to

fire. This material can also catches

fire quickly and easily. This is a hazard

•

as the fire will quickly and easily move

through the area. The fire does not

stop burning until the material has

completely melted.

.............

figure 15: bent and broken

plastic

........................ .

BENDING

When presented as a woven plastic

sheet, as found on site, this material

has no real structure of its own and

will bend in any direction easily and

without breaking.

If the material were to be heated,

melted and remoulded to create

new forms it would harden and

become a lot more rigid (as shown

alongside). In this form however, the

material becomes brittle and will

break more easily.

figure 17: frayed edges of

plastic

(Author, 2020)

............................ .

FRICTION

When the material is exposed to

friction (either by the materials

moving against each other or

people stepping on or moving

against it) it will begin to fray. The

polypropylene found and used on

site is woven and so, it will begin to

unravel as it begins to age making it

not very durable.

Materials Study| timber

Street Views showing materials found around Site

(Google Earth) earth.google.com/web/.

adapted by author 2020

SOURCING

Street View showing Sithandatu Ave Trade Stalls

(Google Earth) earth.google.com/web/.

adapted by author 2020

HOW IT IS SOURCED ON SITE:

Timber planks look as though they have been sourced

from the hostels in the background. Many of th•e•

washing lines have been made using the same type

of timber used in the support structure of the stalls

and so some of these lines may have been dismantled

to make the stalls. This is also the same timber pole

used on the electric and telephone poles which may

have been chopped and carried to site. The timber

may have also been taken from fencing used in the

house nearby or from trash around the area.

•

•••••••••••••••••f•ig•u•re•2•4•:•dismantled

washing

line

(Author, 2020)

figure 25: fencing

NATURE AND PERFORMANCE

.........................................

....

BURNING

figure 19: timber set alight

figure 20: burned wood and ashes

(Author, 2020)

This material insulates heat and so

it will not transfer the heat from the

sun. This means that people will not

burn when they touch the material

on hot days. This material has a

burning temperature of about 300-

600 ℃ and so it will begin to combust

when exposed to fire. This material

can catch fire however, a weak fire

can easily die without spreading very

far. The presence of wind can reignite

the flame and give it strength and it

would spread across the area.

figure 21: timber straight

after bending

(Author, 2020)

....................

,..

BENDING

figure 26: washing line

figure 28: abandoned timber/trash

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

...

FRICTION

This material can bend with a

lot of force exerted and it will

eventually break. This is relatively

strong material and is very difficult

and, depending on its size, can

be impossible to break without

machinery. When bent (before it

reaches its breaking point) it will

immediately return to its original

form.

figure 22: timber

shavings from friction

When the material is exposed to

friction it begins to wear down

and become smaller and weaker.

This is force would have to be very

intentional in order to cause a lot of

damage quickly and so this material

has the ability to last a long time if

treated and maintained well.

(Author, 2020)

Materials Study| steel

SOURCING

Street View showing Sithandatu Ave Trade Stalls

(Google Earth) earth.google.com/web/.

adapted by author 2020

Street Views showing materials found around Site

(Google Earth) earth.google.com/web/.

adapted by author 2020

(Author, 2020)

NATURE AND PERFORMANCE

HOW IT IS SOURCED ON SITE:

.. ••••• ·•

The braais have been made from steel

barrels (these are usually used as bins in

the area). The braai stands have been made

from the frames of tables which could have

been taken from the nearby schools and

community facilities. The poles (used as

structuring elements) look like they have

been taken from signage around the area.

..... •

•••••••rf•ieg•s•ui•dr•ee•n3•t2•ia:•sl•at•ere•e•al b•i•n

••

•

••

figure

••••

33:

•••

steel

••

poles

figure 34: abandoned steel.

trash pile

. .......................................

................. ............

BURNING

.. __

....

,._ __

.--..

••••••••••••••I•••••••••••••

BENDING

. ...................................... .

..............................

FRICTION

figure 29: flame to

steel with no effect to

structure. Did not catch

fire.

(Author, 2020)

This material conducts heat and

so it will transfer the heat from the

sun. This means that touching this

material during a high temperatures

would burn humans. This material

however, has a very high melting

temperature of about 1371-1540 ℃.

The structure of this material would

not change when exposed to fire. This

material could be used as a container

for fire but would not do well an

element that people would have

to touch (such as seating, exposed

structuring elements etc).

figure 30: bending of metal

figure 31: bent metal. does

not revert to original shape.

(Author, 2020)

When bent, the material will not

revert to the original shape, instead

it will take on a new shape. It needs

to be manipulated in order to get it

back to its original shape (either by

putting pressure on both sides in

order to get it to be straight again,

beating/hammering it or bending it

back in the opposite direction).

figure 30: minor

shavings from intense

friction

(Author, 2020)

When the material is exposed

to friction it might retain a few

scratches. When exposed to

extremely high friction, the material

could begin shaving off a little.

However it would be difficult and

would take time without machinery.

F ~ ~ " ' - - .

-- :::::::::---__

- - - ..___

(Author, 2020)

'"-- - .,,_____O

DESIGN STUDY|

sEii7ZT

WOMXN SPACE +

PLACE OF HEALING

BUFFER ZONE TO

FILTER

BUFFER ZONE TO

FILTER

SPACE FOR

REPRESENTATION AND

EMPOWERMENT OF

WOMXN -

THE MOMUNENT

(Author, 2020)

Conception| diagram

The image alongside is a concept diagram which shows the progression

of space starting from the street (Sithandatu Avenue) which is a

completely public space. These spaces can be used as spaces of

empowerment seeing as this is a visual practice which takes place within

the public realm and is completely accessible (both physically a visually).

This then moves into the vegetable garden (Abalimi Bezekhaya) which

acts as a pseudo-public space (pink area). This space has some of the

qualities of a public space such as the ability for anyone to move in and

out of the space but it has one point of entry. This act of garden in this

space begins to become a method of calming and healing however, in

this zone the economic benefits of the food supply is the main focus.

The two next spaces (indicated in light blue and yellow) becomes a

buffer zone and can be referred to as a state of liminality. The zone

starts to restrict movement and filter the types of people using the

space where more womxn occupy the next space than men. This zone

is still considered part of Abalimi but would have edible indigenous and

endemic plant species. This is a semi- public space where the act and

processes of garden is a form of healing.

The turquoise space becomes the next important threshold/buffer

zone which restricts access to the next space further.

The last space the most private and therapeutic zone. In this space

there will be more introverted activities for healing such as meditation,

prayer, small group sharing circles where womxn can process their

emotions and have space to think begin to heal. The plants in this

space are more medicinal plants harvested for and by womxn as they

need. The space will have plants which can be used to make calming

teas as well as medicinal plants which can be used to help with bruising

and pain. In this space mental and physical healing are at play. This is a

sensory space where the processes of nature connect people to nature

and act as a healing agent.

Framework Plan| Opportunities and Constraints

TOOLS

This family park would

need to be formalised,

introducing well integrated

spaces that feed into the

community’s needs.

With the re-purposing of

some of the park space

for the healing garden,

it is important to provide

improved spaces for the

community.

·.)

d; ~

1 r_

__:;J\\~

~rif}~ti

.... ....

(\\I

Low vegetation to ensure

visibility.

These stall spaces are stepped

too far from the street and so

traders do not use them as

much. They prefer to trade

closer to the street in order

to catch consumers walking

along the street edge.

MAINTAIN POINT OF ENTRY

PROPOSED

HEALING

GARDEN SITE

Trees used as shading in

gathering areas. Adds legibility

_.,

These spaces could be

converted to storage space for

traders to leave their goods or

equipment overnight.

l'''.'"'HI

Change of road texture to pedestrianise

the street and connect activities.

l I /1

./ (I t j ' I I I;·

(Author, 2020)

J"' .~ _;_ Removal of community

centre fence to give more

-----------__-.-.._-,

I ll

.I. -

~SITH-A..N-.D.A..T_HU

AVE

women a chance a chance to

trade within the node.

.,,......._,_--!.J TAXI

. .-4 l\\

.... .. "'1

............

Expansion of Abalimi to give more

women opportunities for employment,

food sourcing and growth of businesses.

............

Noting the Taxi Interchange as

a crime hotspot with red spots

indicating murders and green

spots indicating aggravated

robberies.

(Edelstein, Arnott, and Faull,

2020).

...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ......

INTERCHANGE

'\\

.. . ,..

. .. . . I

.... ... . : \\

.. . Introducing a pedestrian

.intersection to create stronger

economic link along the street.

n~- ~ I ;,

(Author, 2020)

-0

. . ...... . .... ""'""',,

........ ,

Restructuring the stalls to create

a better flow + adding facility for

slaughter activity.

- ,200.-

j,,_

.. ~

·~

" - ·. ~

f Y' \\

rI'

,.. . 7 __)

'''

' -_) .,.. .- .

c=:J .,,..

- .~

I\\

\\'

~\\

,.--

' --,\\_

/ ~___,

·D

.r <'

' ~~ ~~

•I ,

11.

. J1 V ) .( .,.•. .·,/") \\

f' (I,.

I·.

r? 12.

10.

CLINIC

ZOLANI COMMUNITY

CENTRE

SITHANDATU AVE

5. 6.

1. TRADERS MARKET

2. TRADERS STORAGE

3. PROTEST WALL

4. ODE TO WOMXN

5. FORMALISED FOOD TRADING STALLS

6. SLAUGHTER FACILITIES

7. GOODS DROP-OFF ZONE

8. ABALIMI (WITH EXPANSION)

9. ABALIMI (INGENIOUS)

10. ADDITIONAL PARKING

11. FAMILY PARK

12. HEALING GARDEN

- ,HlOm

(Author, 2020)

Framework Plan

The image on the preceding page is the final framework plan.

TRADERS AND ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT (EAST)

The fence of the Zolani Community Centre has been taken down

with bits of the lower brick wall remaining to act as seating for traders

in the market space. The old Zolani Centre parking lot will be used

as a market space. Vendors from Great Dutch Street can now move

down into the main trade node and trade within the market space.

The old trade stalls will be converted to storage space for vendors

to put equipment and goods overnight (this will make their morning/

evening commute to work easier as they will have less to transport

each day). Parking has been added (behind the day clinic) to replace

the parking removed from the Zolani Centre and a pathway between

the clinic and community centre will connect them.

TRADERS AND ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT (WEST)

The trade stalls on the west will be rebuilt and formalised. The former

structuring elements will be re-used to create an artwork within the

healing garden. The introduction of slaughter facilities behind the

stalls would also be needed to ensure that the slaughter activities do

not disturb the trade activity taking place along the main spine. The

drop-off zone will be used for delivery of sheep, chicken and offal

cooked on-site.

MOVEMENT HIERARCHY AND CONNECTIVITY

Cobble-paved intersections would be introduced to slow down

traffic and pedestrianise the main road. These intersections would

allow for interconnectivity between the trade stalls; making it easy

for consumers to move between the different stall types and linking

food traders with the farming activity taking place in the Abalimi

Gardens. Different types of paving will be used for the trader zones

and the pedestrian walkways to limit disrupted movement and

activity between the pedestrians and vendors.

MONUMENTS AND WOMXN EMPOWERMENT

The Zolani Centre facade facing the Taxi Interchange would be

turned into a protest wall. Art related to GBV events taking place

within and around the community would be painted or projected on

this wall. This would encourage discussions within the community

around GBV issues taking place.

A skeleton-dome structure will be added as a shading structure for

women waiting for doctors’ appointments. This structure will have

figures representing local womxn (create by a local artists) which

would eventually be covered by creeping plants.

ABALIMI FOOD PROVISIONING AND BUFFER ZONES:

The Abalimi gardens would be extended to give more womxn the

opportunity to trade and source food for their families. Currently,

Abalimi uses well/borehole water to irrigate the plants and so more

water would be needed for this activity. This would be done buy

introducing groundwater recharge interventions in and around the

space.

Some of the extension would include edible indigenous and

endemic plant species. Cape Fynbos plant species can survive on

normal rainwater cycles and so little to no additional water would

need to be provided for this area.

The farming and gardening activity in Abalimi would add surveillance

and a layer of safety to the entrance of the healing garden (much

like the entrance of the day clinic which is almost guarded by female

traders along the space).

FAMILY PARK: TAKING AND GIVING BACK TO THE COMMUNITY:

Some of the family park space would be used to introduce the

introverted healing garden for local womxn in Nyanga. To balance

this, additional spaces would be added to the remaining family

park in order to make this area more functional and safer for the

community to use.

There would be covered gathering/picnic areas for families to use.

These would overlook four 5-a-side soccer fields for community

soccer players and leagues to use as practice space, play areas for

smaller children which would join to the existing play spaces. The

road family park would be pedestrianised and cars would be left in

the existing parking lot.

THE HEALING GARDEN: THE SPONGE

The healing garden would act as a sponge for Nyanga, with the

introduction of SUDS such as bioswales, wetland systems, planting

and permeable paving. This would cleanse the rainwater and also

encourage aquifer recharge to balance the farming activity and

water-use in the Abalimi Gardens.

The Stalls| slaughter facilities

11778800

1780

RAMP UP

□

1890

2000

1890

889900

22000000

11889900

□

PLAN

22880000

+0.6m

+1.0m

SLAUGHTER AREA

□

2800

22222200

CIRCU+L0A.7TmION SPACE

+0.7m

0.0m

□

□□□

+0.8m

(Author, 2020)

COUNTER SPACE

150x150mm

stainless steel drainage

2220

2800

22880000

22550000

50mm screed to

fall (2%)

150mm hadcore

layer

2500

230mm concrete

ramp sloping at

1:12, with a polished

finish

600 dia manhole cover (for

maintance acces)

cobble walkway.

raised cobble

pavement

to sewer

sewerage

SECTION

grease trap

(Author, 2020)

All water drained within this zone would be contaminated (from slaughter activity) and

would need to be directed to the sewer system after passing through a grease trap.

This area would need to be covered to avoid mix of stormwater and contaminated water.

UNDERSTANDING NEEDS FOR THE SPACE

(Author, 2020)

To assist with some of the slaughter activity need, a minor slaughter

activity could be introduced. The surfaces would be polished concrete

to allow for quick and easy clean and limit any waste and contaminants

sticking to the space. Bins would be provided for each section to

encourage a clean work space. A ramp would be used to carry the

animals into the space. Municipal water would be needed to clean the

space and use would need to be monitored.

DIAGRAMS SHOWING SLAUGHTER-ZONE USE AND

CONNECTION TO STREETS

(Author, 2020)

The healing garden| Concept

This garden would make use of a lot of soft landscaping (planting) and organic

forms to mimic the features of the female form. Earthy tones (clay reds and

light sandy browns) would be used for the hard landscaping to give garden

a more natural feel. Vegetation would play an important role and patches of

medicinal and endemic plant species would be used in the space to guide

draw certain users to specific spaces. Lower vegetation would be used for the

middle zones and higher vegetation along the edges to act as a buffer from

surrounding activities.

ec.o I c.9·1 c<1 I

bufft.1

'¥

~ c rQo~ e <:Cllfl'li'.9

"'cu~~ tr,ue\\t

, <(O<.Ut1. ,,__',_3

i/!fJ

CONCEPTUAL SECTION

L-~ i..,6i~~ov,1

I.;.

vesc_-\\"G<.i(G"'-

1~ ~1!..S.

(Author, 2020)

FORMS AND TEXTURES

Untitled (Women’s Day)

(Sethembile Msezane , 2014)

http://www.sethembile-msezane.com/projects

adapted by author 2020

CONCEPTUAL MODEL

(Author, 2020)

The healing garden

GREEN HOUSE

1. ENTRANCE AND INFORMATION BOARDS

2. PODIUM

3. GATHERING AREA

4. PAUSE AREA

5. TEEN AREA

6. ELDERS AREA

7. MIDDLE-AGED WOMXN/TRADERS AREA

8. GBV AREA

9. TRADITIONAL HEALERS AREA

10. CHILDREN AREA

11. GREENHOUSE

12. ARTWORK

(Author, 2020)

ENTRANCE + PODIUM CHILDREN

(Author, 2020)

FAMILY PARK

. 4.

ABALIMI

(INDIGENOUS)

)~- ✓

. ". J . \\.' J'\\,'

(Author, 2020)

-----

Plan

This is an experiential garden consisting of meandering routes (to allow for

reflection and contemplation), smelling, tasting and harvesting (gardening

activity) of medicinal plants, gathering zones with spaces for discussions

(linking womxn with similar life events and experiences together so that they

can begin to support one another) as well as art created by the womxn to

reflect their journey of healing in the space.

The entrance of the space has information boards about the plants, their uses

and where to find them and the different meeting areas.

The healing garden would have space for different types of womxn and uses.

The more “every-day” spaces for elders, teenagers and middle-aged womxn

and traders would be closer to the entrance with planting directed to their

needs. Some of the womxn using these spaces may not have care-takers for

their children and so a zone has been allocated for them. This space would be

between close to the other zones so that the guardians can address issues

related to each zone (i.e. everyday teen issues or issues faced by traders/

middle-aged womxn and elders) whilst still looking over their children.

There would be larger gathering areas for local womxn to meet and discuss

community matters collectively as well as minor pause spaces.

There would be spaces community traditional healers to meet as well as

breakaway spaces for them the meet with and assist local womxn.

A green house would be introduced to help with propagation of medicinal

plants harvested in the area.

Podiums would be introduces at three point of the site (the beginning, middle/

greenhouse zone and the end of the journey). These would be vantage points

for womxn to look over the entire garden. When on these podiums, the womxn

would also become living sculptures for a moment.

The healing garden| GBV Spaces

BREAKAWAY SPACE

MAIN AREA

KIDS

INFO WALL

BREAKAWAY SPACE

(Author, 2020)

The healing garden| GBV Spaces

45°

BREAKAWAY SPACE AXONOMETRIC

(Author, 2020)

The area for womxn who have experienced gender-based violence in

the community would have a main area for minor group discussions and

counselling. The wall around this area would have information and steps to

take when dealing with GBV events (i.e documentation, opening cases and

reporting of the event).

This area would also have breakaway spaces for private meetings, meditation

or prayer, and consultations for these womxn (these can be seen on this and

the preceding page).

Lastly the area would have a space for children to stay in while these other

activities take place. The planting around this area would mostly be directed

at healing of wounds and aiding with mental health (such as the Cancer Bush

which helps with anxiety and depression).

(Author, 2020)

PERSPECTIVE OF BREAKAWAY SPACE WITH HELICHRYSUM ODORATISSIMUM IN THE

FORGROUND AND LESSERTIA FRUTESCENS AND TECOMARIA CAPENSIS IN THE

BACKGROUND.

The healing garden| Artwork

SECTION A SHOWING THE CHAOTIC ARTWORK

(Author, 2020)

PERSPECTIVE OF CHAOTIC ARTWORK

(Author, 2020)

There would be an artwork created by the local womxn

using the old structuring elements of the food stalls

which would represent the healing process. Starting with

a chaotic assembling of the elements to show the initial

mental state and need for support (with the structures

leaning on one another for support) and then ending

with an army of these structuring elements standing on

their own, independent and empowered.

l • r

SECTION B THROUGH PODIUM SHOWING THE EMPOWERED ARTWORK

(Author, 2020)

- - Om

10m

15m

20m

The healing garden | Gradient mapping

DAY-TO-DAY (STORE):

Uses:

Wash sheep

skin

These are not the only uses of the

plants but the main use in each

space/reasons for allocations.

PLECTRANTHUS FRUTICASUS

TRADITIONAL HEALERS:

Uses:

Swelling of legs

(standing long

hours)

Uses:

Calming

incense

AGATHOSMA CRENULATA

(BUCHU)

HELICHRYSUM ODORATISSIMUM

(IMPHEPHO)

SALVIA AFRICANA

(BLUE SAGE)

Uses:

Colds

Uses:

- - - .:..

Healing

properties

LESSERTIA FRUTESCENS

(CANCER BUSH)

DAY-TO-DAY (ELDERS):

_,}

----

Uses:

Joint pain, bruises, swelling

t -·

HELICHRYSUM NUDIFOLIUM

: _~------ _______________________________________

(WILD EVERLASTING)

Uses:

Inflammation, backache, calming

(, ',

,~·

I ART

LESSERTIA FRUTESCENS

'---

(CANCER BUSH)

DAY-TO-DAY (TEEN):

Uses:

Menstrual cramps, cold

ERIOCEPHALUS AFRICANUS

(WILD ROSEMARY)

'\\

- ,. J

GERANIUM INCANUM

(CARPET GERANIUM)

Uses:

Regulate menstrual cycle,

bladder infections

-----

(Author, 2020)

~ (-,

' . ;,>"-."

✓ ~ .. ~

..... ,._ •• .,..

...· . . ' ',...

GREENHOUSE

MEETING AREA

MENTAL HEALTH:

Uses:

Anxiety and

depression

LESSERTIA FRUTESCENS

(CANCER BUSH)

--- ~---------------Uses:

Calming

incense

HELICHRYSUM ODORATIS-

ART

SIMUM (IMPHEPHO)

Uses:

Calming tea

TRADITIONAL

GBV

TECOMARIA CAPENSIS

(CAPE HONEYSUCKLE)

TRADERS

ELDERS

KIDS

TEENS

WOUNDS:

Uses:

Bruises,

swelling

GATHERING AREA

___________ :_ __

HELICHRYSUM NUDIFOLIUM

(WILD EVERLASTING)

'Uses:

Heal slow-

healing

wounds

AGATHOSMA CRENATA &

BETULINA (BUCHUS)

WATER PLAY:

Uses:

Flower used for play by

children near waterbodies

(floating, racing games)

Uses:

Antispetic,

soothing,

healing

Uses:

Antiseptic,

soothing

CARPOBROTUS EDULIS

(SOUR FIG)

PORTULACARIA AFRA

(SPEKBOOM)

Planting plan and Plant uses

MIX 3

12m2

18m2

7m2

4m2

MIX 2

30m2

11m2

MIX 3

15m2

&-------------·

MIX 1

MIX 3

18m2

MIX 2

20m2

15m2

MIX 1

KIDS

7m2

20m2

6m2

5m2

MIX 2

7m2

MIX 3

13m2

MIDDLE AGE/

3m2

EA STORE OWNERS

5m2

MIX 3

12m2

MIX 1

8m2

TEENS

10m2

9m2

16m2

MIX 3

15m2

8m2

12m2

MIX 3

11m2

27m2

10M

15M

(Author, 2020)

The planting would be low to medium height

planting (maximum 1.2m-1.5m) in the centre of

the site and that is indicated by the lighter colours

used in the garden’s gradient plan with the higher

vegetation along the edges to acts a visual buffers

from the adjacent activities and buildings.

Specific plants would be used around different zones

to tackle issues that those womxn could be facing.

Around the teen area would mostly be plants like the

Geranium incanum and the Eriocephalus species

which are known to help with menstrual cramps in

irregular cycles, while the plants in the elders area

would help with joint pains, colds and coughs, the

area for the middle aged womxn/store owners would

have plants they can use to clean sheep skin (which

can be used to make a carpet or resold) and plants to

help with body aches from day-to-day tasks.

Plants which help with mental health would be

scattered around the zone and could found in each

zone but would be found in bulk around the GBV

area (where womxn have experience trauma) as well

as plant for wounds.

Planting plan and Plant uses

Planting List

Key

Mix 1

Mix 2

Mix 3

Name

Salvia africana-caerulea

Eriocephaius africanous

Felicia filifolia

Cliffortia obcordata

Athanasia dentate

Pelargonium betulinum

Tarconanthus camphoratus

Helichrysum nudifolium

Helichrysum odoratissimum

Agathosma crenulata

Plectranthus fryticosus

Eriocephaius africanous

Salvia Africana-caerulea

Portulacaria afra

Geranium incanum

Uses

sore throat, voice loss

coughs, cold, colic, inflammation

endemic species - stablises dunes, improves soil quality

bruises, swelling, rheumatic joints

calming

rheumatism, kidney, indigestion, bladder

wash sheepskin & cotton garments

coughs, cold, colic, inflammation

sore throat, voice loss

sores, spots, stings

regulate menstruation, bladder infections

Total

D Area (m2)

Size

Density

(Units/m2)

Quantity

4kg

188

4kg

244

113

4kg

452

4kg

112

4kg

124

(Author, 2020)

The healing garden | Recharge

OXYGENATION

SEDIMENTATION

MAIN RECHARGE

FACTOR OF SAFETY (FOS) CALCULATIONS FOR

GABION RETAINING WALL

Ka = (1-sin(phi of soil)) / (1+sin(phi of soil))

= (1-sin(30)) / (1+sin(30))

= 0,5 / 1,5

= 0.3

= Ka x y x H

= (0.3 x 16kN/m3) x 1,5m

= 7,2

=1/2 Pa x H x 1/3H

= (1/2 x 7,2 x 1,5m) x (1/3 x 1,5m)

= 5,4 x 0,5

= 2,7

MR = Wgab x d

= (2 x1) x 21 x 0,5

= 21

FOS ACHIEVED

= Ka x y x H

= (0.3 x 16kN/m3) x 1,5m

= 7,2

=1/2 Pa x H x 1/3H

= (1/2 x 7,2 x 1,5m) x (1/3 x 1,5m)

= 5,4 x 0,5

= 2,7

MR = Wgab x d

= (2 x1) x 21 x 0,5

= 21

FOS ACHIEVED

- - Om

(Author, 2020)

Section F

(Author, 2020)

10m

15m

20m

As previously discussed, this

site would act as a sponge to

recharge aquifer water used for

irrigation in the Abalimi gardens

and this would consist of 3

phases.

Images showing farming activity by local

womxn in the Abalimi gardens.

(Abalimi Bezekhaya, 2019)

http://abalimibezekhaya.org.za

The healing garden | Recharge

THE BIOSWALE:

This would have a stone-covered

sloped bottom/base (which

would carry water down the site

with limited erosion) and plants

(such as the Mentha longifolia)

along the edges.

THE FOREBAY:

This would have a stone-covered

flatter bottom/base to allow water

to slowly filter through into the

ground. The water would stand and

fill up before spilling into the last

waterbody. This would allow for the

sediments to drop.

SEDIMENTATION

THE WETLAND:

This would be a depression

within the landscape that would

collect runoff from the site and

slowly release it into the aquifer.

' '' .

OXYGENATION

Section C

- - Om 1m 2m 3m 4m Sm

- -Section D

Om 1m 2m 3m 4m Sm

AQUIFER

(Author, 2020)

MAIN RECHARGE

- - . .

Section E

10m

15m

20m

Appl!catlon for Approval of Ethics In Research (EiR) Projects

Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Cape Town

ETHICS APPLICATION FORM

Please Note:

Any person planning to undertake research in the Facu lty of Engineering and the Built Environment (EBE) al the University

or Cape Town is required to complete this rorm before collecting or analysing data . The objecttve ol submitting this

application prior to embarking on research is to ensure that the highest ethical standards in research , conducted under the

auspices or the EBE Faculty , are met. Please ensure tha t you have read , and understood the EBE Ethics In Research

Handbook (available from lhe UCT EBE , Research Ethics website) prior lo completing this application

form: http://www.ebe.uct .ac.za/ebe/researchlethlcs1

APPLICANT'S DETAILS

Name of principal researcher, student or

external applicant

Department

Preferred email address or applicant:

Kazeka Talisa Mbekeni

APG

mbkkaz0011@@mmyyuucctt.aacc..za

Your Degree:

e .g ., MSc, PhD, etc.

MLA

Credit Value of

If Student Research: e.g.,

11220

60/120/180/360 etc.

Name of Supervisor (if

supervised):

Christine Price

If this is a resea rchconlract. Indicate the

source of fund ing/sponsorship

ProJect Title

N//A

Creating Healing Spaces for Women in Places of Conflict

I hereby undertake to carry out my research in such a way that:

there is no apparent legal objection to the nature or the method of research; and

the research wil l not compromise staff or students or the othe r responsibilities of the University;

the stated objective wi ll be achieved , and the findings will have a high degree of validity;

lim,tations and alternative interpretations will be considered ;

the findings could be subject to peer review and publicly available: and

I will comply wrth the conventions or copyright and avoid any practice that would constitute plagiarism.

APPLICATION BY

Principal Researcher/

StudenUExtemal applicant

Full name

Kazeka Talisa Mbekeni

Signature

Date

Sig ned by candidate I 1155//0066//2020

SUPPORTED BY

Supervisor (where applicable)

Full name

Christine Price

Signatufe

Signatureet,Rfveimc..oev, ed

Date

15/06/2020

APPROVED BY

HOD (or delegated nominee)

Final authority for all applicants who

have answered NO lo all questions in

Section 1: and ror all Undergraduate

research (Including Honours) .

Chair. Faculty EIR Committee

For applicants other than

undergraduate students who have

answered YES lo any of the questions

in Section 1.

Full name

R Behrens

Signature

Date

lr.7~Signature Removed 04 Sep 2020

Page 1 of 1

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