IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
PAPER • OPEN ACCESS
The role of forest therapy in promoting physical
and mental health: a systematic review
To cite this article: V E Satyawan et al 2022 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 959 012027
View the article online for updates and enhancements.
You may also like
- Exploring the impacts of tourism and
weather on water consumption at different
spatiotemporal scales: evidence from a
coastal area on the Adriatic Sea (northern
Italy)
Filippo Mazzoni, Valentina Marsili, Stefano
Alvisi et al.
- Analysis on the characteristics of eye
movement and the evaluation of
psychological perception for forest
waterscape space
Y Gao, X M Sun, T Zhang et al.
- Development of herbal bag for herbal bath
during postnatal care from Temuan
traditional knowledge
N A Jahiman, F Pa’ee, N A Manan et al.
This content was downloaded from IP address 200.130.19.159 on 02/12/2022 at 16:26
ICTS 2021
IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 959 (2022) 012027 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/959/1/012027
7KH UROH RI IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ LQ SURPRWLQJ SK\\VLFDO DQG PHQWDO
KHDOWK D V\\VWHPDWLF UHYLHZ
9 ( 6DW\\DZDQ
2 5XVGLDQD 0 /DWLIDK
6LOYLFXOWXUH 'HSDUWPHQW )DFXOW\\ RI )RUHVWU\\ ,3% 8QLYHUVLW\\ -O 5D\\D 'UDPDJD
%RJRU ,QGRQHVLD
)DPLO\\ DQG &RQVXPHU 6FLHQFHV 'HSDUWPHQW )DFXOW\\ RI +XPDQ (FRORJ\\ ,3%
8QLYHUVLW\\ -O 5D\\D 'UDPDJD %RJRU ,QGRQHVLD
&RUUHVSRQGLQJ DXWKRU 9HUGDBVDW\\DZDQYHUGD#DSSVLSEDFLG
$EVWUDFW )RUHVW WKHUDS\\ LV D IRUP RI DFWLYLW\\ XVHG WR SXUVXH KHDOWK EHQHILWV IURP WKH IRUHVW
7KH WHUP IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ LV RIWHQ XVHG UHFLSURFDOO\\ ZLWK WKH WHUPV IRUHVW EDWKLQJ DQG 6KLQ
ULQ <RNX (YHQ ZLWK PDQ\\ VWXGLHV RQ IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ WKHUH UHPDLQV VFDUFH VFLHQWLILF HYLGHQFH
RI D VWDQGDUGLVHG PHWKRG XVHG LQ )RUHVW 7KHUDS\\ FDXVHG E\\ YDULDWLRQV LQ VXFK WUHDWPHQW
SURJUDPPHV 7KLV VWXG\\ DLPHG WR DQDO\\VH PHWKRGV XVHG LQ IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ IURP ZRUNV RI
OLWHUDWXUH IURP WR 7KLV OLWHUDWXUH ZDV FRPSLOHG XVLQJ 3XEOLVK RU 3HULVK VRUWHG
XVLQJ WKH =RWHUR SURJUDPPH DQG YLVXDOO\\ FOXVWHUHG ZLWK WKH 9RV9LHZHU SURJUDPPH
UHVHDUFK SDSHUV ZHUH VRUWHG PDQXDOO\\ EDVHG RQ WKUHH FULWHULD WKH\\ GLUHFWO\\ SUDFWLVHG IRUHVW
WKHUDS\\ RU IRUHVW EDWKLQJ DQG DQDO\\VHG LWV EHQHILW RQ KXPDQ KHDOWK ZKLFK ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ
(QJOLVK DQG DFFHVVHG RQOLQH 7KH LWHPV WKDW ILW RXU FULWHULD ZHUH IXUWKHU V\\QWKHVLVHG
6\\QWKHVLV RI WKHVH ZRUNV RI OLWHUDWXUH UHVXOWHG LQ WKH FDWHJRULVDWLRQ RI PHWKRGV XVHG IRU )7
LQWHUYHQWLRQ )7 PHWKRGV XVHG E\\ UHVHDUFKHUV ZHUH IRUHVW ZDONV IRUHVW YLHZLQJ WKH
FRPELQDWLRQ RI IRUHVW ZDONV DQG YLHZLQJ IRUHVW ODQGVFDSHV WKHUDS\\ SURJUDPPHV LQYROYLQJ
ILYH KXPDQ VHQVHV GRLQJ UHOD[LQJ DFWLYLWLHV LQ WKH IRUHVW DQG WUDGLWLRQDO PHGLFLQHEDVHG
WKHUDS\\ 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG WKHUH ZDV DOVR FRPELQHG PHWKRGV XVHG $OO RI WKHVH PHWKRGV
EHQHILWWHG KXPDQ KHDOWK 7KH OLPLWDWLRQ RI WKLV ILQGLQJ LV WKH EURDG W\\SHV RI IRUHVW XVHG IRU
IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ )XUWKHU UHVHDUFK LV VXJJHVWHG UHJDUGLQJ WKLV PDWWHU
,QWURGXFWLRQ
7KHUH KDV EHHQ DQ HVFDODWLRQ LQ UHVHDUFK IRFXVLQJ RQ WKH EHQHILWV RI LQWHUDFWLRQ EHWZHHQ KXPDQV DQG WKH
HQYLURQPHQW LQ UHFHQW WLPHV 7KHUH KDV EHHQ D VLJQLILFDQW WUHQG LQ UHVHDUFK RQ WKH VLPXOWDQHRXV SXUVXLW
RI KHDOWK DQG KDSSLQHVV UHSODFLQJ IRUHVW SURWHFWLRQ DQG QRQ±ZRRG SURGXFWLRQ ZLWK IRUHVW UHFUHDWLRQ DQG
KHDOLQJ DV D SULRULW\\ RI IRUHVW XVH >@ 7KH 1DWXUH 7KHUDS\\ &RQFHSW GHILQHV LW DV DFWLYLWLHV DLPHG DW
REWDLQLQJ SUHYHQWLYH PHGLFDO EHQHILWV E\\ H[SRVLQJ RQHVHOI WR QDWXUDO VWLPXOL WKDW JLYH SV\\FKRORJLFDO
UHOD[DWLRQ DQG LPSURYH LPPXQH IXQFWLRQV WR SUHYHQW VLFNQHVV %DVHG RQ )LJXUH WKH FRQFHSWXDO PRGHO
RI QDWXUH WKHUDS\\ VWDUWV ZLWK D VWUHVVHG FRQGLWLRQ FRQVLGHULQJ WKH HIIHFW RI XUEDQLVDWLRQ DQG LQFUHDVH LQ
SRSXODWLRQ VXEVHTXHQWO\\ IROORZHG E\\ WKH UHVWRUDWLYH HIIHFW RI QDWXUH $IWHU H[SRVXUH WR QDWXUH WKHUH LV
D K\\SRWKHVLV RI LPSURYHPHQW LQ SV\\FKRORJLFDO UHOD[DWLRQ DQG LPPXQH UHFRYHU\\ UHVSRQVHV DOWKRXJK WKH
HIIHFW GLIIHUV IRU HDFK LQGLYLGXDO 7KHVH UHVSRQVHV DUH ODWHU LQFRUSRUDWHG LQ WKH (%0 (YLGHQFHEDVHG
PHGLFLQH GHYHORSLQJ LQWR WKH SUHYHQWLYH PHGLFDO HIIHFW >@ )RUHVW WKHUDS\\ LV D IRUP RI DFWLYLW\\ XVHG WR
SXUVXH KHDOWK EHQHILWV IURP WKH IRUHVW ,QWHUDFWLQJ ZLWK QDWXUH KDV EHHQ VKRZQ LQ VWXGLHV WR HQKDQFH ERWK
SK\\VLFDO DQG PHQWDO KHDOWK 6RPH UHVHDUFK RQ WKH HIIHFWV RI IRUHVW WUHDWPHQW KDV EHHQ FRQGXFWHG WR
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
1
ICTS 2021
IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 959 (2022) 012027 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/959/1/012027
HVWDEOLVK WKLV W\\SH RI WKHUDS\\ DV DQ HYLGHQFHEDVHG RSWLRQ >@ 7KH WHUP IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ DQG IRUHVW
EDWKLQJ RU Shin-rin Yoku KDYH EHHQ XVHG LQWHUFKDQJHDEO\\ LQ WKH SDVW 7KH DFWLYLWLHV FRQQHFWHG ZLWK
IRUHVW WUHDWPHQW YDU\\ LQ WKHVH VWXGLHV )RUHVW 7KHUDS\\ )7 LV RIWHQ GLVWLQJXLVKHG IURP IRUHVW EDWKLQJ DV
D UHLQIRUFHG DSSURDFK WKDW LV DXJPHQWHG E\\ JXLGHG SUDFWLFHV SURJUDPPHV WKDW FDQ VWLPXODWH SDUWLFLSDQWV
LQYROYHPHQW LQ YDULRXV WKHUDSHXWLF DFWLYLWLHV LQ WKH IRUHVW IRU KHDOWK SV\\FKRORJLFDO DQG SK\\VLRORJLFDO
EHQHILWV >@ )RUHVW WKHUDS\\ DQG IRUHVW EDWKLQJ KDYH D VLJQLILFDQW HIIHFW RQ SV\\FKRORJLFDO DQG
SK\\VLRORJLFDO KHDOWK >@ &RQVLGHULQJ WKH EURDG GHILQLWLRQ RI IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ DQG YDULRXV UHVHDUFK WKDW
KDG ORRNHG LQWR IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ DV DOWHUQDWLYH PHGLFLQH WKHUH LV D ODFN RI HPSLULFDO SURRI GXH WR GLIIHUHQW
IRUHVW FRPSRVLWLRQV DQG KHDOLQJ RU WUHDWPHQW UHJLPHQV 7KLV VWXG\\ DLPHG WR H[DPLQH DQG FDWHJRULVH WKH
PHWKRGV SURJUDPPHV XVHG LQ IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ DQG IRUHVW EDWKLQJ DQG WKHLU HIIHFW RQ KXPDQ KHDOWK IURP
RQOLQH UHVHDUFK SDSHUV SXEOLVKHG IURP WR
)LJXUH &RQFHSW RI QDWXUH WKHUDS\\ >@
0HWKRGV
$ V\\VWHPDWLF UHYLHZ RI UHVHDUFK SDSHUV WKDW FRQWDLQLQJ NH\\ZRUGV IRUHVW KHDOLQJ IRUHVW EDWKLQJ
Shin-rin Yoku DQG KXPDQ KHDOWK LQ *RRJOH 6FKRODU IURP WR ZDV PDGH 7KLV OLWHUDWXUH
ZDV FRPSLOHG XVLQJ 3XEOLVK RU 3HULVK VRUWHG XVLQJ WKH =RWHUR SURJUDPPH DQG YLVXDOO\\ FOXVWHUHG ZLWK
WKH 9RV9LHZHU 3URJUDPPH 5HVHDUFK SDSHUV ZHUH VRUWHG PDQXDOO\\ EDVHG RQ WKUHH FULWHULD WKH\\ GLUHFWO\\
SUDFWLVHG IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ RU IRUHVW EDWKLQJ DQG DQDO\\VHG LWV EHQHILW RQ KXPDQ KHDOWK ZHUH ZULWWHQ LQ
(QJOLVK DQG DFFHVVHG RQOLQH 7KHVH FULWHULD DUH IRUPHG EDVHG RQ RXU DLP WR FDWHJRULVH PHWKRGV XVHG LQ
)7 SUDFWLFHV
9RV9LHZHU VRIWZDUH ZDV XVHG LQ WKLV DQDO\\VLV 9RV9LHZHU LV D YDOXDEOH WRRO IRU YLVXDOLVLQJ
NH\\ZRUGV JLYLQJ WKH DQDO\\VW D EHWWHU JUDVS RI WKH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ HVVHQWLDO WHUPV LQ D VXEMHFW RI
VWXG\\ 9RV9LHZHU
V FOXVWHULQJ DQG YLVXDOLVDWLRQ WHFKQLTXH RI FRUUHODWLRQV EHWZHHQ NH\\ZRUGV LV EDVHG RQ
WKH DEVWUDFWV RI WKH FKRVHQ SDSHUV >@ 7KLV DQDO\\VLV XVHV ELQDU\\ FRXQWLQJ NH\\ZRUGV ZLWK ILYH WLPHV WKH
PLQLPXP RFFXUUHQFH RI HDFK WHUP ,Q WKH QHWZRUN YLVXDOLVDWLRQ LWHPV DUH UHSUHVHQWHG E\\ D FLUFOH 7KH
ZHLJKW RI WKH LWHP GHWHUPLQHV WKH VL]H RI WKH FLUFOH RI DQ LWHP 7KH OLJKWHU WKH ZHLJKW RI DQ LWHP WKH
ODUJHU WKH FLUFOH RI WKH LWHP 7KH FOXVWHU WR ZKLFK DQ LWHP EHORQJV GHWHUPLQHV WKH FRORXU RI WKH REMHFW
/LQHV EHWZHHQ LWHPV UHSUHVHQW OLQNV
2Q WKH GHQVLW\\ YLVXDOL]DWLRQ HDFK SRLQW LQ WKH LWHP GHQVLW\\ YLVXDOLVDWLRQ KDV D FRORXU WKDW LQGLFDWHV
WKH GHQVLW\\ RI LWHPV DW WKDW SRLQW 7KH PRUH LWHPV WKHUH DUH LQ D SRLQW
V YLFLQLW\\ DQG WKH JUHDWHU WKH ZHLJKWV
RI WKH QHLJKERXULQJ LWHPV WKH FORVHU WKH SRLQW
V FRORXU LV WR EOXH 7KH RSSRVLWH LV WUXH WKH VPDOOHU WKH
2
ICTS 2021
IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 959 (2022) 012027 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/959/1/012027
QXPEHU RI LWHPV LQ D SRLQW
V QHLJKERXUKRRG DQG WKH ORZHU WKH ZHLJKW RI WKH QHLJKERXULQJ LWHPV WKH
FORVHU WKH SRLQW
V FRORXU LV WR ZKLWH\\HOORZ
5HVXOWV DQG GLVFXVVLRQ
7KH ILUVW UHVHDUFK SDSHU IRXQG RQOLQH LQYROYHG IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ DQDO\\VHV FRQFHUQLQJ PRWLYDWLRQ WR H[HUFLVH
EHIRUH DQG DIWHU IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ RQ SDWLHQWV ZLWK W\\SH GLDEHWHV >@ 7KH SXEOLVKHG UHVHDUFK ILQGLQJV
KLJKOLJKWHG WKH WKHUDSHXWLF HIIHFWV RI Shin-rin Yoku's KHDOLQJ FRPSRQHQWV RQ WKH LPPXQH V\\VWHP Shin-
rin Yoku LV DOVR SURYHQ WR GHFUHDVH UHVSLUDWRU\\ GLVHDVH DQG LQFUHDVH SV\\FKRORJLFDO KHDOWK >@ )RUHVW
WKHUDS\\ LV DQ LPSRUWDQW DFWLYLW\\ DQG PRGHUQ FLYLOLVDWLRQV
HQJDJHPHQW LQ LW FRXOG SRVLWLYHO\\ LPSDFW WKHLU
KHDOWK SDUWLFXODUO\\ UHJDUGLQJ VWUHVV LVVXHV :KHWKHU GRQH LQ D JURXS VHWWLQJ RU LQGLYLGXDOO\\ E\\ WKH
VXEMHFWV IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ PLJKW EH HTXDOO\\ EHQHILFLDO
3.1. Forest therapy research from 2017-2021
)LJXUH GHVFULEHV WKH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ WKH RFFXUUHQFH RI NH\\ZRUGV IRUHVW KHDOLQJ IRUHVW EDWKLQJ
Shin-rin Yoku DQG KXPDQ KHDOWK LQ ZULWLQJV GHULYHG IURP *RRJOH 6FKRODU IURP WR ,Q
ZRUNV RI OLWHUDWXUH WHUPV PHW WKH PLQLPXP QXPEHU RI RFFXUUHQFHV ,Q WKH 9RV9LHZHU RSWLRQV
WKH UHOHYDQFH RI WKHVH WHUPV ZDV IXUWKHU FDOFXODWHG $ UHOHYDQFH VFRUH DERYH ZLOO EH VKRZQ %DVHG
RQ WKLV WKH PRVW UHOHYDQW WHUPV ZLOO EH VHOHFWHG )LJXUH KDV VL[ PDLQ FOXVWHUV \\HOORZ JUHHQ UHG
SXUSOH GDUN EOXH DQG OLJKW EOXH ZLWK LWHPV DQG OLQNV
)LJXUH 1HWZRUN YLVXDOLVDWLRQ EDVHG RQ WHUPV XVHG LQ OLWHUDWXUH
&OXVWHUV WKDW DUH ORFDWHG IXUWKHU IURP HDFK RWKHU WHQG WR EH OHVV VWURQJO\\ UHODWHG ,Q RYHUO\\ YLVXDO ILJXUH
FRORXU RI DQ LWHP LV GHWHUPLQHG E\\ WKH \\HDU RI WKH WHUPV FRORXUV UDQJH IURP EOXH HDUOLHU \\HDUV WR
JUHHQ WR \\HOORZ ODWHU \\HDUV )LJXUH GHVFULEHV WKH DYHUDJH SXEOLFDWLRQ \\HDU RI HDFK WHUP LQ FOXVWHUV
%DVHG RQ ILJXUH OLWHUDWXUH ZLWK WKH WHUPV IRUHVW KHDOLQJ IRUHVW EDWKLQJ Shin-rin Yoku DQG
KXPDQ KHDOWK LQ *RRJOH 6FKRODU IURP WR ZHUH SULPDULO\\ SXEOLVKHG LQ
3
ICTS 2021
IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 959 (2022) 012027 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/959/1/012027
)LJXUH 7KH RYHUO\\YLVXDOLVDWLRQ DYHUDJH SHULRG RI HDFK WHUP
)LJXUH 'HQVLW\\ YLVXDOLVDWLRQ RI HDFK WHUP
7KHVH LWHPV ZHUH WKHQ UHSUHVHQWHG E\\ WKHLU ODEHO LQ WKH GHQVLW\\ YLVXDOLVDWLRQ )LJXUH VLPLODU WR WKH
QHWZRUN DQG RYHUOD\\YLVXDOLVDWLRQ )LJXUH GHVFULEHV WKH IUHTXHQF\\ RI HDFK WHUP GHHS EOXH FRORXUV
LQGLFDWH D KLJKHU DPRXQW RI SXEOLVKHG ZRUNV RI OLWHUDWXUH %DVHG RQ )LJXUHV DQG WKHUH ZDV D
KLJKHU QXPEHU RI SXEOLVKHG GRFXPHQWV ZLWK WKH WHUPV QDWXUH WKHUDS\\ -DSDQ HYLGHQFH IRUHVW
HQYLURQPHQW IRUHVW DWPRVSKHUH WKDQ IRUHVW KHDOLQJ ,Q UHFHQW \\HDUV OLWHUDWXUH ZLWK WHUPV IRUHVW
EDWKLQJ IRUHVW KHDOLQJ DQG IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ ZHUH IHZHU WKDQ OLWHUDWXUH WKDW XVHG WKH WHUP QDWXUH
WKHUDS\\
4
ICTS 2021
IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 959 (2022) 012027 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/959/1/012027
3.2. Categorising methods used in Forest Therapy (FT)
:H IRXQG LWHPV WKDW ILW RXU FULWHULD 7KHVH LWHPV ZHUH IXUWKHU V\\QWKHVLVHG DQG FDWHJRULVHG )LJXUH
0HWKRGV XVHG LQ )7 SUDFWLFHV YDULHG %DVHG RQ WKH V\\QWKHVLV FRQGXFWHG PHWKRGV SURJUDPPHV XVHG LQ
IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ )7 UHVHDUFK ZHUH IRUHVW ZDONV VHVVLRQ IRUHVW YLHZLQJ VHVVLRQ IRUHVW ZDONV
! VHVVLRQV IRUHVW YLHZLQJ DQG ZDONLQJ ! VHVVLRQV IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ SURJUDPPH LQYROYLQJ ILYH
KXPDQ VHQVHV ! VHVVLRQV GRLQJ UHOD[LQJ DFWLYLWLHV LQ WKH IRUHVW DQG XVLQJ D WUDGLWLRQDO PHGLFLQH
EDVHG IRUP RI )7 :H FODVVLILHG RQH VHVVLRQ RI )7 DFWLYLW\\ WR KRXUV 5HOD[LQJ DFWLYLWLHV LQ WKH IRUHVW
UHIHU WR VXQEDWKLQJ OD\\LQJ GRZQ OLJKW H[HUFLVH DQG RWKHU QRQH[KDXVWLQJ DFWLYLWLHV WKDW GR QRW
VSHFLILFDOO\\ LQYROYH WKH ILYH KXPDQ VHQVHV
)LJXUH 0HWKRGV XVHG LQ IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ )7 DQG LWV EHQHILWV RQ SV\\FKRORJLFDO ULJKW DQG
SK\\VLRORJLFDO IXQFWLRQ OHIW
3.2.1. Forest walks (1-2 sessions) 0DR HW DO FRQGXFWHG )7 WHUPHG IRUHVW EDWKLQJ LQ WKHLU MRXUQDO RQ
HOGHUO\\ ZLWK FKURQLF KHDUW IDLOXUH DJHG WR )7 PHWKRG XVHG ZDV D KRXU ZDON WZLFH D GD\\
VPRNLQJ DOFRKRO DQG FDIIHLQH ZHUH QRW DOORZHG 7KH 3206 3URILOH RI 0RRG 6WDWHV TXHVWLRQQDLUH
ZDV XWLOLVHG $IWHU DQDO\\VLQJ EORRG VDPSOHV 0DR HW DO GLVFRYHUHG WKDW IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ UHGXFHG QHJDWLYH
HPRWLRQDO PRRG VWDWHV GHFUHDVHG LQIODPPDWRU\\ F\\WRNLQHV DQG HQKDQFHG DQWLR[LGDQW DFWLYLW\\ >@
6LPLODU UHVHDUFK ZDV FRQGXFWHG E\\ +DVVDQ HW DO RQ XQLYHUVLW\\ VWXGHQWV PDOH IHPDOH DJHG
)7 PHWKRG ZDV ZDONLQJ LQ D EDPERR IRUHVW IRU PLQXWHV FRQWURO JURXS ZDONHG LQ DQ XUEDQ
DUHD EORRG VDPSOHV DQG EUDLQ ZDYHV XVLQJ 0LQG:DYH((* ZHUH PHDVXUHG 3V\\FKRORJLFDO
DVVHVVPHQW ZDV PHDVXUHG XVLQJ 67$, 6WDWH7UDLW $Q[LHW\\ ,QYHQWRU\\ DQG 6' 6HPDQWLF 'LIIHUHQWLDO
0HWKRG 7KH VKRUW VHVVLRQ RI )7 UHVXOWHG LQ D GHFUHDVH LQ EORRG SUHVVXUH LQFUHDVHG PLQG ZDYHV
LQGLFDWLQJ SV\\FKRORJLFDO UHOD[DWLRQ LPSURYHG PRRG DQG UHGXFHG DQ[LHW\\ >@
5
ICTS 2021
IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 959 (2022) 012027 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/959/1/012027
)XUX\\DVKLNL et al. FRQGXFWHG )7 WHUPHG 6KLQULQ <RNX LQ WKHLU MRXUQDO RQ SDUWLFLSDQWV DJHG
3DUWLFLSDQWV ZHUH FODVVLILHG LQWR IRXU DJH JURXSV XQGHU LQ WKHLU V LQ WKHLU V DERYH \\HDUV
ROG RI SDUWLFLSDQWV ZHUH IHPDOH 7KH )7 DSSURDFK LQYROYHG VWHDGLO\\ VWUROOLQJ DURXQG WKH IRUHVW
IRU DURXQG WZR KRXUV ZLWK RQH RU WZR JXLGHV H[SODLQLQJ WKH IRUHVW
V VXUURXQGLQJV 7KH JXLGHV
GHPRQVWUDWHG EUHDWKLQJ PHWKRGV \\RJD DQG KDPPRFN DFWLYLWLHV DW HDFK ORFDWLRQ SURPRWLQJ
FRQYHUVDWLRQ WKURXJKRXW WKH IRUHVW EDWKLQJ H[SHULHQFH )XUX\\DVKLNL et al. XVHG 3206 . .HVVOHU
3V\\FKRORJLFDO 'LVWUHVV DQG 6) KHDOWKUHODWHG TXDOLW\\ RI OLIH WR PHDVXUH WKH SV\\FKRORJLFDO EHQHILWV
RI )7 6%3 V\\VWROLF EORRG SUHVVXUH '%3 GLDVWROLF EORRG SUHVVXUH DQG 35 SXOVH UDWH ZHUH WKH
SK\\VLRORJLFDO FRPSRQHQWV H[DPLQHG 7KH VWXG\\ GLVFRYHUHG WKDW IROORZLQJ D IRUHVW EDWKLQJ VHVVLRQ WKLV
VWUDWHJ\\ FRUUHODWHG WR D GURS LQ QHJDWLYH 3206 LWHPV 6%3 '%3 DQG 35 >@
6KLQ DQG &KRL DOVR XVHG D RQH VHVVLRQ IRUHVW ZDON DV DQ )7 DSSURDFK RQ WHQ SDWLHQWV ZKR KDG D
P\\RFDUGLDO LQIDUFWLRQ DQG XQGHUZHQW D SHUFXWDQHRXV FRURQDU\\ LQWHUYHQWLRQ 7KH SDUWLFLSDQWV ZHUH
LQVWUXFWHG WR ZDON IRU PLQXWHV LQ WKH IRUHVW DQG XUEDQ HQYLURQPHQWV LQ D VLQJOH VHVVLRQ 6KLQ DQG &KRL
DVVHVVHG WKH SV\\FKRORJLFDO EHQHILW RI )7 XVLQJ 3206 DQG 6HPDQWLF 'LIIHUHQWLDO 0HWKRG DQG WKH
SK\\VLRORJLFDO EHQHILWV XVLQJ +HDUW 5DWH 9DULDELOLW\\ +59 7KH VWXG\\ IRXQG WKDW D VLQJOH ZDONLQJ
VHVVLRQ LQ WKH IRUHVW VHWWLQJ VWLPXODWHG WKH SDUDV\\PSDWKHWLF QHUYRXV V\\VWHP ZKLFK FRQWULEXWHG WR D VHQVH
RI FDOP DQG HQKDQFHG WKH SRVLWLYH IHHOLQJV RI DGXOW P\\RFDUGLDO LQIDUFWLRQ SDWLHQWV >@
3.2.2. Forest Viewing (1-2 Session of Intervention) 6KLQ DQG &KRL FRQGXFWHG )7 RQ WHQ KHDOWK\\ PDOH
UDGLRORJLVWV DYHUDJHO\\ DJHG \\HDUV ROG 7KH PHWKRG RI )7 ZDV YLHZLQJ XUEDQ DUHDV DQG IRUHVW
ODQGVFDSH DUHDV PLQXWHV IRU HDFK YLHZLQJ VHVVLRQ 8VLQJ 3206 DQG 6' 6HPDQWLF 'LIIHUHQWLDO
0HWKRG IRU SV\\FKRORJLFDO PHDVXUHPHQWV DQG KHDUW UDWH IRU PHDVXULQJ )7 LPSDFW RQ WKH DXWRQRPLF
QHUYRXV V\\VWHP 6KLQ DQG &KRL ILQG WKDW ZDWFKLQJ WKH IRUHVW HFRV\\VWHP VWLPXODWHG WKH SDUDV\\PSDWKHWLF
QHUYRXV V\\VWHP PRUH WKDQ YLHZLQJ WKH XUEDQ DUHD ZKLFK ORZHUHG VWUHVV DQG VWDELOLVHG SDUWLFLSDQWV
SV\\FKRORJLFDO VWDWXV 9LHZLQJ WKH IRUHVW ODQGVFDSH DOVR HQKDQFHG SRVLWLYH VHQWLPHQWV DPRQJ 3206 DQG
6' VXEVFDOHV >@
3.2.3. Forest Walks (> 2 Sessions of Intervention) +DQ DQG .RR FRQGXFWHG )7 RQ KRVSLWDO ZRUNHUV
7KH DSSURDFK XWLOLVHG LQ WKLV VWXG\\ ZDV WR ZDON IRU PLQXWHV RQ WKH KHDOLQJ IRUHVW WUDLO DW OHDVW WKUHH
WLPHV HDFK ZHHN IRU WKUHH ZHHNV SHULRG 8VLQJ 3206 7KH 4XDOLW\\ RI /LIH 4XHVWLRQQDLUH DQG WKH
.RUHD 2FFXSDWLRQDO 6WUHVV 6FDOH .2666) +DQ DQG .RR GLVFRYHUHG WKDW ZDONLQJ IRU PLQXWHV RQ
D IRUHVW WUDLO UHGXFHG 7RWDO 0RRG 'LVWXUEDQFH LPSURYHV 4XDOLW\\ RI /LIH DQG UHGXFHG VWUHVV SDUWLFXODUO\\
IURP ZRUN >@
3.2.4. Walking in The Forest and Viewing Forest Landscapes (> 2 sessions of intervention) /\\X HW DO
UHVHDUFKHG )7 WHUP XVHG LQ WKLV VWXG\\ RQ VWXGHQWV PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV GLYLGHG LQWR JURXSV
DOFRKROLFV DQG VPRNHUV ZHUH H[FOXGHG ,Q WKH PRUQLQJ WKH VXEMHFWV VDW RQ FKDLUV DQG YLHZHG WKH
ODQGVFDSH IRU PLQXWHV ,Q WKH DIWHUQRRQ ZDONLQJ LQ WKH DUHD IRU PLQXWHV ZDV DOVR FRQGXFWHG 8VLQJ
WKH 3206 4XHVWLRQQDLUH WKLV VWXG\\ IRXQG WKDW D GD\\ VHVVLRQ LQ D EDPERR IRUHVW FDQ LQFUHDVH SRVLWLYH
PRRG DQG GHFUHDVH QHJDWLYH PRRG >@
7DND\\DPD et al. FRQGXFWHG DQ )7 RQ PDOH VWXGHQWV DJH 7KH SDUWLFLSDQWV ZHUH VHSDUDWHG
LQWR IRXU JURXSV HDFK ZLWK VXEMHFWV SHU JURXS 7KHUH ZHUH IRXU VLWHV DQG IRXU XUEDQ VLWHV FKRVHQ
7KH XUEDQ DUHDV ZHUH FORVH WR WKH ZRRGODQG DUHDV (DFK JURXS ZHUH DVVLJQHG GLIIHUHQW W\\SHV RI IRUHVW
DQG XUEDQ DUHD (DFK SDUWLFLSDQW YLHZHG WKHLU DVVLJQHG ORFDWLRQ IRU PLQXWHV DQG ZDONHG LQ HDFK
ORFDWLRQ IRU PLQXWHV 3V\\FKRORJLFDO PHDVXUHPHQWV ZHUH FDUULHG RXW XVLQJ 3206 356 3$1$6
696 :+2 4XDOLW\\ RI /LIH :+242/ DQG WKH 6+5 4XHVWLRQQDLUH 7KLV VWXG\\ GLVFRYHUHG WKDW
WKH IRUHVW VHWWLQJ ZDV D VWLPXODWLQJ HQYLURQPHQW ZLWK D VWURQJHU UHVWRUDWLYH HIIHFW WKDQ WKH XUEDQ DUHD
7KH FRUUHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH UHVWRUDWLYH LQGLFDWRUV DQG LQGLYLGXDO WUDLW LQGLFDWRUV ZHUH DUUDQJHG LQ WKH
IRUHVW VHWWLQJ VWUHVV FRSLQJ SV\\FKRORJLFDO KHDOWK DQG VDWLVIDFWLRQ ZLWK WKH HQYLURQPHQW ZHUH OLNHO\\ WKH
YLWDO LQGLFDWLRQV UHODWHG WR WKH KHDOLQJ EHQHILWV RI WKH IRUHVW HFRV\\VWHP >@
6
ICTS 2021
IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 959 (2022) 012027 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/959/1/012027
6LPNLQ et al. FRQGXFWHG D VWXG\\ RQ SDUWLFLSDQWV DJHG ± \\HDUV ROG RI ZKLFK ZHUH ZRPHQ
7KH VWXG\\ ZDV FDUULHG RXW LQ IRXU IRUHVW ORFDWLRQV (YHU\\ ORFDWLRQ ZDV YLVLWHG DW UDQGRP DQG RQ UDQGRP
ZHHNGD\\V (DFK IRUHVW ZDV FRGHG WR KDYH WKH VDPH QXPEHU RI ILUVW VHFRQG WKLUG DQG IRXUWK YLVLWV WR
SUHYHQW WKH RUGHU HIIHFW (DFK SDUWLFLSDQW YLVLWHG HDFK IRUHVW RQFH WR PD[LPLVH WKH VWXG\\
V YDOLGLW\\ 7KH
ILUVW VWHS RI WKH WULDO LQYROYHG VLWWLQJ LQ FKDLUV RQVLWH IRU PLQXWHV $ PLQXWH ZDON IROORZHG WKH
YLHZLQJ VHVVLRQ 7KLV VWXG\\ GLVFRYHUHG WKDW WKH UHVWRUDWLYH HIIHFWV RI DOO IRUHVWV RQ WKH SDUWLFLSDQWV
LQFUHDVHG GUDPDWLFDOO\\ 7KH SULPDU\\ IRUHVW ZDV SURYHQ WR EH WKH KHDOWKLHVW HFRV\\VWHP EDVHG RQ WKH
UHVWRUDWLYH HIIHFW 7KH XUEDQ OHLVXUH IRUHVW KDV D VPDOOHU DPRXQW RI UHVWRUDWLYH HIIHFW ,W LV FULWLFDO WR
SURWHFW SULPDU\\ IRUHVWV QHDU UHVLGHQWLDO DUHDV >@
=HQJ et al. H[DPLQHG )7 LQ D EDPERR IRUHVW XQLYHUVLW\\ VWXGHQWV SDUWLFLSDWHG LQ WKLV WKUHHGD\\
ILHOG H[SHULPHQW VXEMHFWV ZKR VPRNHG RU KDG D KLVWRU\\ RI DEXVLQJ DOFRKRO ZHUH H[FOXGHG IURP WKLV
VWXG\\ 7KH VXEMHFWV VDW LQ VHDWV IRU PLQXWHV ZKLOH VLJKWLQJ WKH VFHQHU\\ DQG WKHQ WKHLU SK\\VLRORJLFDO
GDWD ZDV FROOHFWHG 7KH\\ VWUROOHG DERXW WKH UHJLRQ IRU PLQXWHV LQ WKH DIWHUQRRQ FROOHFWLQJ
SK\\VLRORJLFDO GDWD DQG 6'0 4XHVWLRQQDLUH 7KH WRSRJUDSK\\ GLVWDQFH DQG ZDONLQJ VSHHG RQ WKH URXWH
ZHUH DOO DGHTXDWH IRU PRGHUDWH HQHUJ\\ FRQVXPSWLRQ $IWHU ILQLVKLQJ WKH ZDONLQJ DQG YLHZLQJ WKH
SDUWLFLSDQWV FRXOG WUDYHO DERXW WKH H[SHULPHQWDO VLWHV XQWLO GLQQHU ([FHSW IRU OXQFK DOO LQGLYLGXDOV ZHUH
DGYLVHG WR UHPDLQ DW WKHLU DOORFDWHG H[SHULPHQWDO VLWHV IURP DP XQWLO SP 7KH 6HPDQWLF
'LIIHUHQWLDO 0HWKRG 6'0 DQG SK\\VLRORJLFDO LQGLFHV ZHUH XVHG WR FROOHFW SV\\FKRORJLFDO GDWD $FWLYLWLHV
VXFK DV YLHZLQJ DQG ZDONLQJ LQ WKH EDPERR IRUHVW HQYLURQPHQW ZHUH EHQHILFLDO DV HYLGHQFHG E\\ SRVLWLYH
FKDQJHV LQ KXPDQ SK\\VLRORJLFDO LQGLFDWRUV 7KH )7 FRQGXFWHG ZDV SURYHQ WR HIIHFWLYHO\\ UHGXFH EORRG
SUHVVXUH VORZLQJ WKH KHDUW UDWH DQG PDLQWDLQLQJ SHULSKHUDO R[\\JHQ VDWXUDWLRQ DW D KLJK OHYHO 7KH )7
FRQGXFWHG LQ WKH EDPERR IRUHVW FDQ KHOS WR UHGXFH PHQWDO WHQVLRQ DQG HPRWLRQDO LQVWDELOLW\\ 7KH YLHZLQJ
DFWLYLW\\ KDG D PRUH VLJQLILFDQW HIIHFW RQ VORZLQJ WKH VXEMHFWV
KHDUW UDWH WKDQ ZDONLQJ 7KH EDPERR IRUHVW
WKHUDS\\ VHVVLRQ LPSURYHG PDOH DQG IHPDOH VXEMHFWV
V\\VWROLF EORRG SUHVVXUH KHDUW UDWH DQG SHULSKHUDO
R[\\JHQ VDWXUDWLRQ 7KH EDPERR IRUHVW HFRV\\VWHP VHWWLQJ ZDV PRUH FRQGXFLYH WR ORZHULQJ IHPDOH
LQGLYLGXDOV
V\\VWROLF EORRG SUHVVXUH DQG KHDUW UDWH ZKLOH PDLQWDLQLQJ SHULSKHUDO R[\\JHQ VDWXUDWLRQ DW D
KLJKHU OHYHO 7KLV VXJJHVWV WKDW WKH EDPERR IRUHVW HQYLURQPHQW FDQ HIIHFWLYHO\\ UHGXFH SUHVVXUH RQ WKH
KXPDQ ERG\\ DOOHYLDWH HPRWLRQV DQG ERRVW HQHUJ\\ >@
)7 WHUPHG )RUHVW %DWKLQJ LQ WKH VWXG\\ FRQGXFWHG E\\ %LHOLQLV et al. FRXOG HYHQ EH GRQH LQ WKH ZLQWHU
LQ SODFHV ZKHUH VQRZ IDOOV RQ WKH IRUHVW ODQGVFDSH 7KLV ZLQWHU FRQGLWLRQ OLNH IRUHVW EDWKLQJ GXULQJ WKH
YHJHWDWLYH VHDVRQV KDV D IDYRXUDEOH HIIHFW RQ SDUWLFLSDQWV
SV\\FKRORJLFDO UHOD[DWLRQ %LHOLQLV et al.
FRQGXFWHG DQ )7 UHVHDUFK LQ 3RODQG RQ ZLQWHU 7KH SDUWLFLSDQWV RI WKLV VWXG\\ ZHUH XQGHUJUDGXDWH
VWXGHQWV PDOH IHPDOH DJHG \\HDUV ROG 7KH\\ XVHG 3206 3RVLWLYH DQG 1HJDWLYH $IIHFW
6FKHGXOH 3$1$6 5HVWRUDWLYH 2XWFRPH 6FDOH DQG 696 6XEMHFW 2XWFRPH 6FDOH WR PHDVXUH
SV\\FKRORJLFDO LQGH[HV (DFK YLHZLQJ ZDV IROORZHG E\\ D PLQXWH H[SRVXUH WR D IRUHVW HQYLURQPHQW RU
ODQGVFDSH ZLWK EXLOGLQJV DV FRQWURO 7KH GDWD ZHUH DQDO\\VHG DQG FRQWUDVWHG DIWHU SDUWLFLSDQWV VHOI
UHSRUWHG WKHLU SV\\FKRORJLFDO FDOPQHVV EHIRUH DQG DIWHU WKH H[SRVLWLRQ 7KH SV\\FKRORJLFDO UHOD[DWLRQ
HIIHFW PDUNHUV PRRG HPRWLRQV UHVWRUDWLYHQHVV DQG VXEMHFW YLWDOLW\\ ZHUH UHFRUGHG
7KH QHJDWLYH PRRG LQGLFHV SOXPPHWHG DIWHU EHLQJ H[SRVHG WR WKH VQRZ FRYHUFRYHUHG HQYLURQPHQW
ZKHUHDV WKH SRVLWLYH
YLJRXU
LQGLFHV GLG QRW VLJQLILFDQWO\\ LQFUHDVH RU GHFUHDVH )ROORZLQJ WKH H[SRVXUH
WR WKH FRQWURO VHWWLQJ WKH QXPEHU RI QHJDWLYH IHHOLQJV LQFUHDVHV 6LPLODUO\\ SRVLWLYH HPRWLRQV GLPLQLVKHG
IROORZLQJ WKH LQWHUDFWLRQ ZLWK WKH FRQWURO 3V\\FKRORJLFDO UHVWRUDWLYHQHVV ZDV VLJQLILFDQWO\\ ERRVWHG
IROORZLQJ H[SRVXUH WR WKH H[SHULPHQWDO IRUHVW EXW GHFUHDVHG IROORZLQJ H[SRVXUH WR WKH FRQWURO EXLOGLQJV
,Q WKLV H[SHULPHQW WKH VL]H RI WKH HIIHFW LQ WHUPV RI SV\\FKRORJLFDO UHVWRUDWLYHQHVV ZDV WKH JUHDWHVW >@
3.2.5. Forest Therapy Involving Five Human Senses (> 2 Sessions of Intervention) %DQJ HW DO
FRQGXFWHG )7 RQ HOHPHQWDU\\ VFKRRO VWXGHQWV DJHG 7KH SURJUDPPH FRQVLVWHG RI ZHHNV
LQFOXGLQJ WKH ILYH KXPDQ VHQVHV IRUHVW ZDONLQJ DQG H[HUFLVH FUHDWLYH KDQGFUDIW DFWLYLWLHV DQG VSRUWV
JDPHV (DFK ZHHNO\\ SURJUDPPH ZDV PLQXWHV ORQJ IRU KHDOWK HGXFDWLRQ DQG PLQXWHV ORQJ IRU
DFWLYLWLHV FRQGXFWHG LQ WKH IRUHVW +HDUW 5DWH 9DULDELOLW\\ +59 ZDV HPSOR\\HG WR DVVHVV DXWRQRPLF
QHUYRXV V\\VWHP DFWLYLW\\ DV ZHOO DV WKH 5RVHQEHUJ 6HOI (VWHHP 6FDOH 56( DQG WKH &KLOGUHQ 'HSUHVVLRQ
7
ICTS 2021
IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 959 (2022) 012027 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/959/1/012027
,QYHQWRU\\ &', &RPSDUHG WR WKH FRQWURO JURXS WKH H[SHULPHQWDO JURXS GHPRQVWUDWHG D VLJQLILFDQW
LPSURYHPHQW LQ VHOIHVWHHP DQG D VLJQLILFDQW GHFUHDVH LQ GHSUHVVLYH V\\PSWRPV DIWHU H[SRVXUH 7KHUH
ZDV KRZHYHU QR HYLGHQFH WKDW WKLV H[SHULPHQWDO GHVLJQ VWLPXODWHG WKH DXWRQRPLF QHUYRXV V\\VWHP >@
7KH HIIHFW RI SDWLHQWV ZLWK JDVWURLQWHVWLQDO WUDFW FDQFHU ZDV LQYHVWLJDWHG E\\ .LP + HW DO 7KH UHVHDUFK
ZDV FDUULHG RXW RQ QLQH SDWLHQWV PDOH IHPDOH 7KH 3LWWVEXUJK 6OHHS 4XHVWLRQQDLUH ,QGH[ 364,
6723%$1* WR DVVHVV VOHHS DSQHD WKH ,QVRPQLD 6HYHULW\\ ,QGH[ ,6, WKH (SZRUWK 6OHHSLQHVV 6FDOH
(66 WKH 6WDQGIRUG 6OHHSLQHVV 6FDOH 666 DQG WKH +RVSLWDO $Q[LHW\\ 'HSUHVVLRQ 6FDOH +$'6 DUH
DOO XVHG WR DVVHVV VOHHS DSQHD
7KH IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ ZDV FDUULHG RXW RYHU VL[ GD\\V 7KH SURJUDPPH FRQVLVWHG RI UHFUHDWLRQ PHGLWDWLRQ
DURPDWKHUDS\\ Hinoki cypress H[SHULHQFHV VWUHWFKLQJ H[HUFLVHV LQ WKH IRUHVW DQG IRRW EDWKV 7KH IRUHVW
KHDOLQJ UHFUHDWLRQ ZDV GRQH LQ JURXSV DQG ODVWHG DURXQG PLQXWHV 7KH SDUWLFLSDQWV WKHQ KDG D
PLQXWH PHGLWDWLRQ VHVVLRQ RQ D KDPPRFN VXVSHQGHG EHWZHHQ WUHHV 7KH SDUWLFLSDQWV ZHUH WUHDWHG WR
DURPDWKHUDS\\ PDVVDJHV XWLOLVLQJ RLO FROOHFWHG IURP IRUHVW ZRRGV DQG ZRRG FDUYLQJ H[SHULHQFH 3DWLHQWV
HQJDJHG LQ WKHVH DFWLYLWLHV GDLO\\ ZLWK WKHLU VFKHGXOHV YDU\\LQJ IURP GD\\ WRGD\\ 7KHUH ZDV QR VLJQLILFDQW
GLIIHUHQFH LQ WKLV UHVHDUFK
V 6723%$1* VFRUH 364, VFRUHV GD\\WLPH VOHHSLQHVV EDVHG RQ WKH 6WDQGIRUG
DQG (SZRUWK 6OHHSLQHVV 6FDOHV RU GHSUHVVLRQ DQ[LHW\\ VFRUHV +RZHYHU VOHHS HIILFLHQF\\ ZDV IRXQG WR
KDYH LQFUHDVHG DV D UHVXOW RI WKH 36* GDWD >@
,Q 5DMRR et al. FRQGXFWHG D PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\\ VWXG\\ WR FUHDWH D IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ SURJUDPPH WR
KHOS VWXGHQWV KDQGOH DFDGHPLF VWUHVV 7KH ILUVW FRPSRQHQW RI WKH VWXG\\ UHFUXLWHG VWXGHQWV DJHG ±
\\HDUV LQ D VXUYH\\ WR FRQVWUXFW D IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ SURJUDPPH EDVHG RQ VWXGHQWV
H[SHFWDWLRQV 7KH VHFRQG
FRPSRQHQW ZDV ILHOG UHVHDUFK LQFOXGLQJ VWXGHQWV DJHG \\HDUV WR LQYHVWLJDWH WKH ORQJ WHUP HIIHFWV
RI WKH IRUHVW WUHDWPHQW SURJUDPPH RQ VWXGHQWV
EORRG SUHVVXUH 7KH HVWDEOLVKHG VWUDWHJ\\ LQFOXGHG IRUHVW
KLNHV ULYHU VRDNLQJ DQG VHQVRU\\ VWLPXODWLRQ YLHZLQJ ZDWHUIDOO $ KDOIGD\\ WKHUDS\\ VHVVLRQ KHOSHG
ORZHU VWXGHQWV
6%3 DQG '%3 DQG VXFK HIIHFW SHUVLVWHG IRU ILYH GD\\V 7KH H[LW VXUYH\\ FRQILUPHG WKH
EORRG SUHVVXUH UHVXOW ZLWK SDUWLFLSDQWV EHOLHYLQJ WKDW )7 KDG UHGXFHG WKHLU VWUHVV >@
.LP + et al. LQYHVWLJDWHG WKH HIIHFWV RI )7 RQ ZRPHQ ZKR KDG PHQRSDXVDO LQVRPQLD ,Q D VXUYH\\
XS WR RI WKRVH SROOHG H[SHULHQFHG VOHHS SUREOHPV LQFOXGLQJ LQVRPQLD >@ 0HDVXUHPHQWV XVHG LQ
WKLV VWXG\\ ZDV WKH (66 666 WR HYDOXDWH WKH GD\\WLPH VRPQROHQFH +$'6 364, 6723%$1* DQG
36* 4XHVWLRQQDLUH EHIRUH DQG DIWHU WKH IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ SURJUDPPH $ EORRG VDPSOH ZDV DOVR GHULYHG
IURP SDUWLFLSDQWV 3URJUDPPH VHVVLRQV ODVWHG RQH ZHHN DQG DFFRPPRGDWHG XS WR VL[ VXEMHFWV
0HGLWDWLRQ J\\PQDVWLFV PLQXWHV DQG KRXUV RI ZDONV LQ WKH PRUQLQJ DQG DIWHUQRRQ UHVSHFWLYHO\\
ZHUH SDUWV RI WKH IRUHVW WUHDWPHQW VHVVLRQ 3DUWLFLSDQWV UHFHLYHG UHOD[LQJ WUHDWPHQWV 7KH )LYH 6HQVHV
([SHULHQFH 3URJUDPPH PD[LPLVHG WKH XVH RI WKH ILYH KXPDQ VHQVHV 7HVWV UHYHDOHG D FRQVLGHUDEOH
GHFUHDVH LQ FRUWLVRO WKH SULPDU\\ VWUHVV KRUP ERQH ZKLOH WKH SV\\FKRORJLFDO TXHVWLRQQDLUHV UHYHDOHG DQ
LQFUHDVH LQ VOHHS DQG D GHFUHDVH LQ VOHHS SUREOHPV 2YHUDOO VOHHS WLPH ZDV LQFUHDVHG >@
.LP -* et al. FRQGXFWHG D VWXG\\ RQ XQLYHUVLW\\ VWXGHQWV FDOOHG &DPSXV )RUHVW 7KHUDS\\ 7KH
SDUWLFLSDQWV ZHUH XQLYHUVLW\\ VWXGHQWV ZLWK DQ DYHUDJH DJH RI \\HDUV $ IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ SURJUDPPH
RI HLJKW VHVVLRQV ZDV FDUULHG RXW (DFK VHVVLRQ ZDV RQH DQG D KDOI KRXUV DQG ZDV OHG E\\ D FHUWLILHG IRUHVW
WKHUDSLVW RQFH D ZHHN 3DUWLFLSDQWV ZHUH LQYROYHG LQ IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ DFWLYLWLHV IRU HLJKW VHVVLRQV XVLQJ
WKH 3206 DQG 65,0) 6WUHVV 5HVSRQVH ,QYHQWRU\\ 4XHVWLRQQDLUH 7KH LQWHUYHQWLRQ LQ FDPSXV IRUHVW
WKHUDS\\ KDG D VXEVWDQWLDO SV\\FKRORJLFDO LPSDFW 0RUH SUHFLVHO\\ LQGLYLGXDOV
HPRWLRQDO VWDWHV DQG VWUHVV
UHDFWLRQV LPSURYHG VLJQLILFDQWO\\ $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH ILQGLQJV RI WKLV UHVHDUFK WKH FDPSXV )7 KDG D
SRVLWLYH LPSDFW RQ VXEMHFWV¶ PHQWDO KHDOWK >@
<X DQG +VLHK DOVR LQYHVWLJDWHG WKH HIIHFWV RI IRUHVWV RQ FUHDWLYLW\\ 7KLV VWXG\\ LQFOXGHG VXEMHFWV
UDQJLQJ LQ DJH IURP WR \\HDUV (LJKW RI WKH SDUWLFLSDQWV ZHUH PHQ 9DULRXV DFWLYLWLHV LQYROYLQJ WKH
ILYH KXPDQ VHQVHV ZHUH LQFOXGHG LQ WKLV )7 GHVLJQ 8VLQJ WKH &KLQHVH :RUG 5$7 &:5$7 DQG 3206
DV PHDVXULQJ WRROV WKLV VWXG\\ GLVFRYHUHG WKDW )7 ERRVWV SOHDVDQW IHHOLQJV ZKLOH GHFUHDVLQJ QHJDWLYH
HPRWLRQV )7 DOVR LQFUHDVHG LQGLYLGXDOV
FUHDWLYH DELOLWLHV E\\ SHU FHQW GHPRQVWUDWLQJ WKDW WKLV )7
LPSURYHV KLJKOHYHO FRJQLWLYH IXQFWLRQLQJ >@
,QWHUHVW LQ IRUHVW DFWLYLW\\ LQWHUYHQWLRQ LV JURZLQJ GDLO\\ WR DVVLVW \\RXQJVWHUV LQ SDUWLFLSDWLQJ LQ HIIHFWLYH
DWWHQGDQFH FHQWUH RUGHU SURJUDPPHV )RUHVW DFWLYLWLHV DUH EHQHILFLDO DV D SODFH IRU SV\\FKRORJLFDO DQG
8
ICTS 2021
IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 959 (2022) 012027 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/959/1/012027
SK\\VLFDO KHDOLQJ -HRQ et al. VWXGLHG MXYHQLOH SUREDWLRQHUV DJHG 7KH SURJUDPPH LQFOXGHG WKUHH
WRSLFV DQG WKH JRDO ZDV WR QRWLFH JRRG SV\\FKRORJLFDO DQG SK\\VLRORJLFDO LPSURYHPHQWV WKURXJK IRUHVW
DFWLYLWLHV 7KH\\ UHIOHFWHG RQ WKH SDVW DQG SODQ IRU WKH IXWXUH 7KH VWXG\\ IRXQG WKDW WKH JURXS WKDW
SDUWLFLSDWHG LQ WKH )7 SURJUDPPH H[SHULHQFHG D VLJQLILFDQW LPSURYHPHQW LQ SV\\FKRORJLFDO ZHOOEHLQJ
DIWHU WKH SURJUDPPH XVLQJ WKH :HOO%HLQJ 0DQLIHVWDWLRQ 6FDOH WR PHDVXUH SV\\FKRORJLFDO ZHOO EHLQJ
DQG +59 WR PHDVXUH DXWRQRPLF QHUYRXV V\\VWHP UHDFWLRQ 6HOIHVWHHP SV\\FKRORJLFDO HTXLOLEULXP
VRFLDO LQYROYHPHQW VRFLDELOLW\\ VHOI DQG HYHQW FRQWURO DOVR KDSSLQHVV ZHUH DOO SV\\FKRORJLFDO
FRPSRQHQWV WKDW KDG VLJQLILFDQWO\\ LQFUHDVHG 7KH SDUWLFLSDQWV LQ WKH IRUHVW WUHDWPHQW SURJUDPPH VKRZHG
EHQHILFLDO LPSURYHPHQWV LQ +59 VKRZLQJ WKDW )7 SDUWLFLSDQWV FDQ DFTXLUH HPRWLRQDO VWDELOLW\\ WKURXJK
DXWRQRPLF QHUYRXV V\\VWHP EDODQFH DQG SDUDV\\PSDWKHWLF QHUYRXV V\\VWHP DFWLYDWLRQ >@
.RWHUD DQG )LGR H[DPLQHG WKH SV\\FKRORJLFDO ZHOOEHLQJ XVLQJ :(0:%6- DQG 6&6-
TXHVWLRQQDLUHV LQ VWXGHQWV PDOHV DQG WHQ IHPDOHV DJHV ± \\HDUV ROG 7KH Shin-rin Yoku
UHWUHDW LQFOXGHG D VWUROO DERXW WKH DUHD RQ GD\\ RQH ZDWHU DQG HDUWK DFWLYLWLHV RQ GD\\ WKUHH (DFK GD\\
SDUWLFLSDQWV SUDFWLVHG PHGLWDWLRQ DQG \\RJD LQ D JURXS VHWWLQJ WR EULQJ WKHLU ILYH VHQVHV WR FRQVFLRXVQHVV
7KH LQWHUYHQWLRQ WRRN KRXUV WR FRPSOHWH 7KH )7 SURJUDPPH LQFUHDVHG VHOIFRPSDVVLRQ VKDUHG
KXPDQLW\\ DQG PLQGIXOQHVV FRPSDUHG WR EHIRUH WKH )7 SURJUDPPH +RZHYHU WKH PHDQ PHQWDO ZHOO
EHLQJ DQG ORQHOLQHVV VFRUHV GLG QRW DOWHU VWDWLVWLFDOO\\ VXEVWDQWLDOO\\ >@
3.2.6. Relaxing Activities In The Forest As A Form of Forest Therapy %HVLGHV LQYROYLQJ WKH ILYH VHQVHV
ZDONLQJ DQG YLHZLQJ IRUHVW HFRV\\VWHPV WKHUH ZHUH DOVR VWXGLHV XVLQJ XQJXLGHG UHOD[LQJ DFWLYLWLHV DV )7
PHWKRGV 9XMFLF DQG 7RPLFHYLF'XEOMHYLF VWXGLHG GHSUHVVLRQ DQG DQ[LHW\\ RQ SDUWLFLSDQWV DJHG
ZRPHQ XVLQJ WKH 'HSUHVVLRQ $Q[LHW\\ 6WUHVV 6FDOH '$66 7KH IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ JURXS
HQJDJHG LQ WZR KRXUV RI UHOD[LQJ DFWLYLWLHV LQ DQ DUERUHWXP IRUHVW OD\\LQJ GRZQ ZDONLQJ VXQEDWKLQJ
HYHU\\ GD\\ IRU ILYH ZHHNV $W WKH VDPH WLPH WKH FRQWURO JURXS ZDV ORFDWHG LQGRRUV 9XMFLF HW DO IRXQG
WKDW SDUWLFLSDQWV ZKR HQJDJHG LQ UHOD[LQJ DFWLYLWLHV LQ WKH IRUHVW KDG D KLJKHU WHQGHQF\\ WR KDYH D ORZHU
VWUHVV OHYHO >@
0DQ\\ SHRSOH DURXQG WKH ZRUOG VXIIHU IURP PHQWDO KHDOWK LVVXHV %HFDXVH WKLV SUREOHP LV ERWK FRVWO\\
DQG GHVWUXFWLYH WR VRFLHWLHV LQLWLDWLYHV DUH GHVSHUDWHO\\ QHHGHG $V D UHVXOW WKH ILQGLQJ RI D QHZ WUHDWPHQW
LV FULWLFDO %LHOLQLV et al. VWXGLHG ZRPHQ ZLWK DIIHFWLYH GLVRUGHUV QLQH ZRPHQ ZLWK SV\\FKRWLF
GLVRUGHUV QLQH PHQ ZLWK DIIHFWLYH GLVRUGHUV DQG PHQ ZLWK D SV\\FKRWLF GLVRUGHU 3DWLHQWV SDUWLFLSDWHG
LQ WKH IRUHVW VWUROOLQJ ZLWK H[WUD H[HUFLVHV LQ WKH IRUHVW HFRV\\VWHP XQGHU WKH VXSHUYLVLRQ RI D VNLOOHG
WKHUDSLVW XVLQJ WKH 3206 4XHVWLRQQDLUH DQG WKH 6WDWH7UDLW $Q[LHW\\ 'LVRUGHU 67$, 7KLV UHVHDUFK
GLVFRYHUHG WKDW IRUHVW WUHDWPHQW KDG D IDYRXUDEOH EHQHILW RQ DOO 3206 VXEVFDOHV RI DIIHFWLYH GLVRUGHU
H[FHSW IRU DQJHUKRVWLOLW\\ EHZLOGHUPHQW DQG GHSUHVVLRQGHMHFWLRQ ZKLFK ZHUH VLJQLILFDQWO\\ GHFUHDVHG
DV ZDV WKH GHJUHH RI DQ[LHW\\ PHDVXUHG XVLQJ WKH 67$,6 VFDOH 7KH EHZLOGHUPHQW DQG YLJRXU VXEVFDOHV
DQG WKH 67$,6 VFDOH H[KLELWHG WKH KLJKHVW VKLIW LQ SV\\FKRWLF LOOQHVVHV 7KHUH ZHUH QR VLJQLILFDQW FKDQJHV
LQ WKH IDWLJXH VXEVFDOH LQ SDWLHQWV ZLWK SV\\FKRWLF LOOQHVVHV >@
.LP -* et al. VWXGLHG UHOD[LQJ IRUHVW DFWLYLWLHV DV DQ )7 GHVLJQ )RU WKH H[SHULPHQW XQLYHUVLW\\
VWXGHQWV ZHUH UHFUXLWHG 7KH SDUWLFLSDQWV ZHUH GLYLGHG LQWR PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV 7KH LQWHUYHQWLRQV
ZHUH FDUULHG RXW RQFH D ZHHN GXULQJ WKH GD\\ DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH SDUWLFLSDQWV
SUHIHUHQFHV 'XULQJ HDFK RI
WKH LQWHUYHQWLRQ
V HLJKW VHVVLRQV WKH SDUWLFLSDQWV ZHUH UHTXHVWHG WR ZDON DORQJ WKH SODQQHG URXWH LQ WKH
FDPSXV IRUHVW DQG YLVLW VSHFLILF VLWHV ZKHUH H[SODQDWRU\\ SDQHOV RQ IRUHVW DFWLYLWLHV ZHUH SODFHG 7KH
3206 4XHVWLRQQDLUH 65,0) DV D VWUHVV UHVSRQVH LQYHQWRU\\ DQG &RQFLVH 0HDVXUHPHQW RI 6XEMHFWLYH
:HOO%HLQJ ZHUH XWLOLVHG DV PHDVXUHPHQW LQVWUXPHQWV 7KLV VWXG\\ GLVFRYHUHG WKDW LQGLYLGXDOV LQ WKH
IRUHVW DFWLYLWLHV LQWHUYHQWLRQ JURXS KDG VLJQLILFDQWO\\ KLJKHU VFRUHV LQ SRVLWLYH PRRG LQGLFDWRUV VWUHVV
UHVSRQVH WKDQ WKRVH LQ WKH FRQWURO JURXS ZKR GLG QRW SDUWLFLSDWH LQ DQ\\ IRUHVW DFWLYLWLHV >@
3.2.7. Traditional Medicine-Based Forest Therapy <L HW DO GHYHORSHG WZR )7 SURJUDPPHV LQYROYLQJ
.RUHDQEDVHG PHGLFLQH FDOOHG :DONLQJ 3URJUDPPH DQG %UHDWKLQJ 3URJUDPPH 7KH\\ XVHG SDUWLFXODU
WUDGLWLRQDO WKHUDS\\ WHFKQLTXHV 7.0 7KH ILUVW SURJUDPPH LV NQRZQ DV WKH :DONLQJ 3URJUDPPH :3
DQG LWV PDLQ GHVLJQ SRLQW LV VWUROOLQJ LQ D IRUHVW HFRV\\VWHP WR LQFUHDVH VZHDWLQJ 7KH VHFRQG SURJUDP LV
9
ICTS 2021
IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 959 (2022) 012027 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/959/1/012027
NQRZQ DV WKH %UHDWKLQJ 3URJUDPPH %3 ZKLFK LV EHQHILFLDO IRU SK\\VLRORJLFDO KHDOWK %RWK SURJUDPPHV
ZHUH FUHDWHG WR LPSURYH WKH KHDOWK RI ROGHU DGXOWV 7KLV VWXG\\ LQFOXGHG SDWLHQWV DJHG \\HDUV
ZLWK DVVLJQHG WR %3 DVVLJQHG WR :3 DQG DVVLJQHG WR WKH FRQWURO JURXS 7KH LQWHUYHQWLRQ ODVWHG
WZR KRXUV SHU GDLO\\ VHVVLRQ IRU VHVVLRQV ZLWK RQH VHVVLRQ SHU ZHHN &RPSDUHG WR WKH FRQWURO WKH %3
DQG :3 LPSURYHG QHXUDO DQG SDUDV\\PSDWKHWLF QHUYRXV IXQFWLRQ UHVSHFWLYHO\\ DQG ERWK )7V LPSURYHG
ELRLPSHGDQFH 7KH %3 LQFUHDVHG WKH SKDVH DQJOH LQ WKH XSSHU OLPEV ZKLOH WKH :3 LQFUHDVHG WKH SKDVH
DQJOH RI WKH ORZHU OLPEV >@
,Q <L et al. IXUWKHU DQDO\\VHG WKH HIIHFW RI WKH )7 SURJUDPPH XVLQJ WKH 4LJRQJ H[HUFLVH Taoin
PDVVDJH ZKLFK FRPELQHG PHULGLDQ UHOD[DWLRQ ERG\\ VFDQQLQJ ERG\\ EDODQFLQJ DQG VHQVRU\\ DWWHQWLRQ
PRWLRQ FRKHUHQW EUHDWKLQJ WHFKQLTXHV ZHUH DOVR DSSOLHG 6XFK D WHFKQLTXH ZDV IRXQG WR LQFUHDVH WKH
ERG\\
V VHQVRU\\ DZDUHQHVV DFWLYDWH WKHUDSHXWLF 4L DQG EORRG FLUFXODWLRQ YLD WKH PHULGLDQ V\\VWHP DQG
SHULSKHUDO DUWHULHV DQG VWDELOLVH WKH Qi D FRROGRZQ SURFHGXUH 7KH :3 RQ WKH RWKHU KDQG ZDV WKH
RWKHU )7 DSSURDFK XVHG WKH SULPDU\\ FRPSRQHQW RI :3 ZDV YLJRURXV :KLOH ZDONLQJ <RQJTXDQ .
DFXSRLQWV ZHUH VWLPXODWHG 7KLV IRUP RI WKHUDS\\ LV NQRZQ WR KDYH EHQHILFLDO HIIHFWV RQ FRJQLWLRQ
K\\SHUWHQVLRQ DQG EORRG FLUFXODWLRQ DQG VOHHS GLVRUGHUV 7KH .RUHDQ YHUVLRQ RI WKH 0RQWUHDO &RJQLWLYH
$VVHVVPHQW 0R&$ 7KH .RUHDQ YHUVLRQ RI WKH *HULDWULF 'HSUHVVLRQ 6FDOH *'6 DQG (4' DUH XVHG
WR DVVHVV QHXURSV\\FKRORJLFDO FRJQLWLRQ GHSUHVVLRQ DQG TXDOLW\\ RI OLIH (OHFWURHQFHSKDORJUDP ((*
%LRLPSHGDQFH DQG 3KRWRSOHWK\\VPRJUDSK\\ ZHUH XVHG WR PHDVXUH SV\\FKRORJLFDO SDUDPHWHUV 33* 7KH
:3 JURXS RXWSHUIRUPHG WKH FRQWURO JURXS LQ QHXURFRJQLWLRQ LQFUHDVHV LQ WKH 0R&$ VFRUH DOSKD DQG
EHWD EDQG SRZHU YDOXHV LQ ((* V\\PSDWKHWLF QHUYH DFWLYLW\\ DQG ORZHU ERG\\ LPSHGDQFH 2Q WKH RWKHU
KDQG WKH 43 JURXS GHPRQVWUDWHG UHGXFHG GHSUHVVLRQ DQG LQFUHDVHG ELRLPSHGDQFH SKDVH DQJOH LQ WKH
XSSHU ERG\\ ,Q FRQFOXVLRQ ERWK DFWLYLWLHV LQ WKH IRUHVW ZHUH GHPRQVWUDWHG WR KDYH VLJQLILFDQW FRJQLWLYH
DQG HOHFWURSK\\VLRORJLFDO EHQHILWV DQG ERWK ZHUH XVHIXO LQ SUHYHQWLQJ GHPHQWLD DQG WUHDWLQJ UHODWHG
KHDOWK SUREOHPV LQ VHQLRU PHPEHUV>@
3.3. Other Findings
3DUN et al. XVHG D PRGLILHG YHUVLRQ RI WKH 0LQGIXOQHVV%DVHG 6WUHVV 5HGXFWLRQ 06%5 WKHUDS\\ 7KH
SURJUDPPH FRQVLVWV RI O\\LQJGRZQ PHGLWDWLRQ 6HRQ \\RJD VHURWRQLQ ZDONLQJ KHDOLQJ WRXFK VWUHVV
UHGXFWLRQ PHGLWDWLRQ DQG QDWXUDO PHGLWDWLRQ $ SURIHVVLRQDO LQVWUXFWRU JXLGHG WKH WKUHHGD\\
SURJUDPPHV 6HURWRQLQ OHYHOV ZHUH WHVWHG LQ PLGGOHDJHG ZRPHQ EHWZHHQ WKH DJH RI DQG LQ
WKLV UHVHDUFK 6XEMHFWV ZHUH GLYLGHG LQWR WZR JURXSV RQH JURXS HQJDJHG LQ D WKUHHGD\\ IRUHVW SURJUDPPH
IROORZHG E\\ D WKUHHGD\\ FLW\\ SURJUDPPH ,Q FRPSDULVRQ WKH RWKHU JURXS GLG WKH RSSRVLWH ,W ZDV
HVWDEOLVKHG WKDW IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ KHOSHG HQKDQFH KHDOWK GXH WR VHURWRQLQ
V LPSDFW 7KLV VWXG\\
V PHGLWDWLRQ
RULHQWHG IRUHVW WUHDWPHQW SURJUDPPH FDQ SURPRWH VLFNQHVV SUHYHQWLRQ DQG TXDOLW\\ RI OLIH E\\ LQFUHDVLQJ
VHURWRQLQ OHYHOV 7KH HIIHFWV RI WKH )7 SURJUDPPH GHVFULEHG LQ WKLV UHVHDUFK FDQ EH YLHZHG DV D PL[ RI
WKH LPSDFWV RI WKH IRUHVW HQYLURQPHQW DQG WKH HIIHFWV RI WKH )7 SURJUDPPH >@
$QRWKHU LQWHUHVWLQJ UHVHDUFK FRQGXFWHG E\\ 0DFKDNRYD et al. DQDO\\VHG WKH HIIHFW RI IRUHVW WKHUDSLHV
RQ DJJUHVVLYH EHKDYLRXU EDVHG RQ PRQLWRULQJ WKH VRFLDO EHKDYLRXU RI IRUHVW DQLPDOV ZLWK FRQFXUUHQW
WKHUDSHXWLF DFWLYLW\\ RI Shin-rin Yoku DQG 2XWGRRU %HKDYLRXUDO 7KHUDS\\ 2%+ 7KLV UHVHDUFK LQYROYHG
WHHQDJHUV IURP LQVWLWXWLRQV ZLWK VXEVWLWXWH VRFLDO FDUH ZLWK GLDJQRVHV DIIHFWLYH GLVRUGHUV DQG IDPLO\\
UHODWHG EHKDYLRXUDO GLVRUGHUV DJHG ± \\HDUV 7KH WKHUDSHXWLF HIIHFW RI Shin-rin Yoku WKHUDS\\ ZDV
XVHG LQ WKLV IRUHVW SURJUDPPH GHVLJQ ZKLFK ZDV UHLQIRUFHG ZLWK IRUHVW SHGDJRJ\\ DQG REVHUYDWLRQDO
OHDUQLQJ IRFXVHG RQ WKH FRQFHSW RI SDUWQHUVKLS DGDSWDWLRQ DQG FRRSHUDWLRQ LQ IRUHVW DQLPDOV )RUHVW
WUHDWPHQWV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG WZLFH D ZHHN IRU WZR PRQWKV WZR KRXUV RI WKHUDS\\ $GROHVFHQWV ZHUH
FRQVWDQWO\\ PRQLWRUHG E\\ D VNLOOHG PHQWDO KHDOWK H[SHUW ZKR FRXOG LQWHUYHQH LI DQ RXWEXUVW RFFXUUHG )RU
DJJUHVVLYH V\\PSWRPV SURMHFWLYH WHVWV ZHUH XWLOLVHG DV D GLDJQRVWLF WRRO 7KH H[SHULPHQWDO LQWHUYHQWLRQ
KDG D VWDWLVWLFDOO\\ VLJQLILFDQW LQIOXHQFH RQ ORZHU ILQDO YDOXHV IRU SV\\FKRSDWKRORJ\\ LUULWDELOLW\\
UHVWOHVVQHVV HPRWLRQDO LQVWDELOLW\\ HJRFHQWULVP UHODWLYLW\\ DQG QHJDWLYLVP >@
.LP DQG 6KLQ DQDO\\VHG WKH GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ D JXLGHG )7 DQG D VHOIJXLGHG )7 7KLV VWXG\\ LQFOXGHG
XQGHUJUDGXDWHV PHQ DQG IHPDOHV 7KH VXEMHFWV ZHUH VHSDUDWHG LQWR IRU VHOIGLUHFWHG IRUHVW
WUHDWPHQW DQG IRU JXLGHG IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ ,Q WKH JXLGHG )7 D WUDLQHG IRUHVW WKHUDSLVW JXLGHG VHVVLRQV
10
ICTS 2021
IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 959 (2022) 012027 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/959/1/012027
'XULQJ WKH SURJUDPPH
V HLJKW VHVVLRQV SDUWLFLSDQWV SDUWLFLSDWHG LQ HDFK RI WKH HLJKW VHVVLRQV WRJHWKHU
7KH\\ HQJDJHG LQ YDULRXV DFWLYLWLHV LQFOXGLQJ IDPLOLDULVLQJ WKHPVHOYHV ZLWK WKH IRUHVW FODSSLQJ
H[HUFLVHV IRUHVW RULHQWHHULQJ IRUHVW VWUROOLQJ DQG WDONLQJ WR QDWXUH ,Q WKH VHOIJXLGHG WKHUDS\\
SURJUDPPH ILYH IRUHVW DFWLYLWLHV ZHUH VHOHFWHG WR DSSO\\ DV WKH VHOIJXLGHG IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ DFWLYLWLHV
VWUHWFKLQJ UHVSLUDWLRQ ZDONLQJ PHGLWDWLRQ DQG H[HUFLVH .LP DQG 6KLQ IXUWKHU XVHG VHOIUHSRUWHG HVVD\\V
ZULWWHQ E\\ WKH VXEMHFWV %DVHG RQ WKH UHVHDUFK FRQGXFWHG LW LV FRQFOXGHG WKDW VHOIJXLGHG )7 DOORZV IRU
VHOIUHIOHFWLRQ WKURXJK IRFXVLQJ RQ DQG WKLQNLQJ DERXW RQH
V LQQHU VHOI 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG *XLGHG )7
SURGXFHV JRRG HPRWLRQDO LPSURYHPHQWV ZKLOH DOVR IRVWHULQJ VRFLDO UHODWLRQVKLSV WKURXJK LQWHUDFWLRQ
ZLWK RWKHUV $V D UHVXOW EHFDXVH WKH HIIHFW REWDLQHG YDU\\ EDVHG RQ WKH VRUW RI )7 >@
&RQFOXVLRQ
%DVHG RQ WKH V\\VWHPDWLF OLWHUDWXUH UHYLHZ WKHUH LV VWLOO D ORZ DPRXQW RI OLWHUDWXUH UHVHDUFK RQ IRUHVW
WKHUDS\\ DQG IRUHVW EDWKLQJ 6\\QWKHVLV RI WKHVH ZRUNV RI OLWHUDWXUH UHVXOWHG LQ WKH FDWHJRULVDWLRQ RI
PHWKRGV XVHG IRU )7 LQWHUYHQWLRQ )7 PHWKRGV XVHG E\\ UHVHDUFKHUV DUH IRUHVW ZDONV IRUHVW YLHZLQJ WKH
FRPELQDWLRQ RI IRUHVW ZDONV DQG YLHZLQJ IRUHVW ODQGVFDSHV WKHUDS\\ SURJUDPPHV LQYROYLQJ ILYH KXPDQ
VHQVHV GRLQJ UHOD[LQJ DFWLYLWLHV LQ WKH IRUHVW DQG WUDGLWLRQDO PHGLFLQHEDVHG WKHUDS\\ 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG
WKHUH ZHUH DOVR FRPELQHG PHWKRGV XVHG $OO RI WKHVH PHWKRGV ZHUH GHPRQVWUDWHG WR EH EHQHILWHG KXPDQ
KHDOWK 7KH OLPLWDWLRQ RI WKLV ILQGLQJ LV WKH EURDG W\\SHV RI IRUHVW XVHG IRU IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ )XUWKHU UHVHDUFK
RQ W\\SHV RI IRUHVWV WKDW DUH XVHG IRU IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ LV VXJJHVWHG UHJDUGLQJ WKLV PDWWHU
5HIHUHQFHV
>@ .LP * 3DUN %- -RXQJ ' <HRP '* DQG .RJD 6 +HDOLQJ HQYLURQPHQWV RI PDMRU WUHH
VSHFLHV LQ N\\XVKX XQLYHUVLW\\ IRUHVWVௗ D FDVH VWXG\\ Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture,
Kyushu University ±
>@ 6RQJ & ,NHL + DQG 0L\\D]DNL < 3K\\VLRORJLFDO HIIHFWV RI QDWXUH WKHUDS\\ D UHYLHZ RI WKH
UHVHDUFK LQ MDSDQ IJERPH
>@ .LP + .LP - -X + -DQJ % :DQJ 7 DQG .LP < (IIHFW RI IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ IRU PHQRSDXVDO
ZRPHQ ZLWK LQVRPQLD International Journal Environment Research Public Health ±
>@ /L 4 0RULPRWR . 1DNDGDL $ ,QDJDNL + )RUHVW EDWKLQJ HQKDQFHV KXPDQ QDWXUDO NLOOHU
DFWLYLW\\ DQG H[SUHVVLRQ RI DQWLFDQFHU SURWHLQV International Journal of Immunopathology and
Pharmacology ±
>@ 3DUN % - 7VXQHWVXJX < .DVHWDQL 7 .DJDZD 7 DQG 0L\\D]DNL < 7KH SK\\VLRORJLFDO HIIHFWV
RI 6KLQULQ\\RNX WDNLQJ LQ WKH IRUHVW DWPRVSKHUH RU IRUHVW EDWKLQJ HYLGHQFH IURP ILHOG
H[SHULPHQWV LQ IRUHVWV DFURVV -DSDQ Environ Health Prev Med
>@ /HH , &KRL + %DQJ .6 .LP 6 6RQJ 0 DQG /HH % (IIHFWV RI IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ RQ GHSUHVVLYH
V\\PSWRPV DPRQJ DGXOWV D V\\VWHPDWLF UHYLHZ Int J Environ Res Public Health
>@ )XUX\\DVKLNL $ 7DEXFKL . 1RULNRVKL . .RED\\DVKL 7 DQG 2UL\\DPD 6 $ FRPSDUDWLYH VWXG\\
RI WKH SK\\VLRORJLFDO DQG SV\\FKRORJLFDO HIIHFWV RI IRUHVW EDWKLQJ 6KLQULQ\\RNX RQ ZRUNLQJ DJH
SHRSOH ZLWK DQG ZLWKRXW GHSUHVVLYH WHQGHQFLHV Environ Health Prev Med
>@ /HH - 3DUN % 7VXQHWVXJX < 2KLUD 7 .DJDZD 7 (IIHFW RI IRUHVW EDWKLQJ RQ SK\\VLRORJLFDO
DQG SV\\FKRORJLFDO UHVSRQVHV LQ \\RXQJ -DSDQHVH PDOH VXEMHFWV Public health ±
>@ 2KWVXND < <DEXQDND 1 DQG 7DND\\DPD 6 )RUHVWDLU EDWKLQJ DQG ZDONLQJ DV DQ H[HUFLVH
WKHUDS\\ IRU W\\SH GLDEHWLF SDWLHQWVPRWLYDWLRQ IRU FRQWLQXLQJ H[HUFLVH Diabetes $
>@ +DQVHQ 0 -RQHV 5 DQG 7RFFKLQL . 6KLQULQ\\RNX IRUHVW EDWKLQJ DQG QDWXUH WKHUDS\\ $
VWDWHRIWKHDUW UHYLHZ International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
>@ 6KYLQGLQD &RRSHWLWLRQ DV DQ HPHUJLQJ WUHQG LQ UHVHDUFK SHUVSHFWLYHV IRU VDIHW\\ VHFXULW\\
Safety
>@ 0DR * &DR < :DQJ % :DQJ 6 DQG &KHQ = 7KH VDOXWDU\\ LQIOXHQFH RI IRUHVW EDWKLQJ RQ
HOGHUO\\ SDWLHQWV ZLWK FKURQLF KHDUW IDLOXUH International Journal Environment Research Public
11
ICTS 2021
IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 959 (2022) 012027 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/959/1/012027
Health
>@ +DVVDQ $ 7DR - /L * -LDQJ 0 $LL / =KLKXL - =RQJIDQJ / DQG 4LELQJ & (IIHFWV RI
ZDONLQJ LQ EDPERR IRUHVW DQG FLW\\ HQYLURQPHQWV RQ EUDLQZDYH DFWLYLW\\ LQ \\RXQJ DGXOWV
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ±
>@ 6KLQ - DQG &KRL - 7KH HIIHFWV RI VLQJOH VHVVLRQ IRUHVW ZDONLQJ RQ SK\\VLRORJLFDO DQG
SV\\FKRORJLFDO VWDWH RI P\\RFDUGLDO LQIDUFWLRQ SDWLHQWV Journal of People, Plants, and
Environment ±
>@ %LHOLQLV ( 7DND\\DPD 1 %RLNR 6 2PHODQ $ DQG %LHOLQLV / 7KH HIIHFW RI ZLQWHU IRUHVW
EDWKLQJ RQ SV\\FKRORJLFDO UHOD[DWLRQ RI \\RXQJ 3ROLVK DGXOWV Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
±
>@ 6KLQ - DQG &KRL - 7KH HIIHFWV RI YLHZLQJ WKH IRUHVW ODQGVFDSH RQ SK\\VLRORJLFDO DQG
SV\\FKRORJLFDO VWDWXV LQ UDGLRORJLVWV Journal of People, Plants, and Environment ±
>@ +DQ 6- DQG .RR &' (IIHFWV RI KHDOLQJ IRUHVW ZDONV IRU VKRUW EUHDNV RQ PRRG VWDWH TXDOLW\\
RI OLIH DQG VWUHVV UHGXFWLRQ RI XQLYHUVLW\\ KRVSLWDO ZRUNHUV J. People Plants Environ ±
>@ /\\X % =HQJ & 'HQJ 6 /LX 6 -LDQJ 0 /L 1 :HL / <X < DQG &KHQ 4 %DPERR IRUHVW
WKHUDS\\ FRQWULEXWHV WR WKH UHJXODWLRQ RI SV\\FKRORJLFDO UHVSRQVHV Journal of Forest Research
±
>@ 7DND\\DPD 1 0RULNDZD 7 DQG %LHOLQLV ( 5HODWLRQ EHWZHHQ SV\\FKRORJLFDO UHVWRUDWLYHQHVV
DQG OLIHVW\\OH TXDOLW\\ RI OLIH UHVLOLHQFH DQG VWUHVVFRSLQJ LQ IRUHVW VHWWLQJV International
Journal Environment Research Public Health ±
>@ 6LPNLQ - 2MDOD $ DQG 7\\UYlLQHQ / 5HVWRUDWLYH HIIHFWV RI PDWXUH DQG \\RXQJ FRPPHUFLDO
IRUHVWV SULVWLQH ROGJURZWK IRUHVW DQG XUEDQ UHFUHDWLRQ IRUHVW$ ILHOG H[SHULPHQW Urban
Forestry & Urban Greening ±
>@ =HQJ & /\\X % 'HQJ 6 <X < /L 1 /LQ : /L ' DQG &KHQ 4 %HQHILWV RI D WKUHHGD\\
EDPERR IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ VHVVLRQ RQ WKH SK\\VLRORJLFDO UHVSRQVHV RI XQLYHUVLW\\ VWXGHQWV
International Journal Environment Research Public Health ±
>@ %DQJ . .LP 6 6RQJ 0 .DQJ . DQG -HRQJ < 7KH HIIHFWV RI D KHDOWK SURPRWLRQ SURJUDP
XVLQJ XUEDQ IRUHVWV DQG QXUVLQJ VWXGHQW PHQWRUV RQ WKH SHUFHLYHG DQG SV\\FKRORJLFDO KHDOWK RI
HOHPHQWDU\\ VFKRRO FKLOGUHQ LQ YXOQHUDEOH SRSXODWLRQV International Journal of Environmental
Research and Public Health ±
>@ .LP + /HH < -X + -DQJ % DQG .LP < $Q H[SORUDWRU\\ VWXG\\ RQ WKH HIIHFWV RI IRUHVW WKHUDS\\
RQ VOHHS TXDOLW\\ LQ SDWLHQWV ZLWK JDVWURLQWHVWLQDO WUDFW FDQFHUV International Journal
Environment Research Public Health ±
>@ 5DMRR . 6 .DUDP ' 6 DQG $EGXO $]L] 1 $ 'HYHORSLQJ DQ HIIHFWLYH IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ SURJUDP
WR PDQDJH DFDGHPLF VWUHVV LQ FRQVHUYDWLYH VRFLHWLHV $ PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\\ DSSURDFK Urban
Forestry & Urban Greening
>@ %DNHU ) & GH =DPERWWL 0 &ROUDLQ , 0 DQG %HL % 6OHHS SUREOHPV GXULQJ WKH PHQRSDXVDO
WUDQVLWLRQ SUHYDOHQFH LPSDFW DQG PDQDJHPHQW FKDOOHQJHV Nat Sci Sleep ±
>@ .LP - .KLO 7 /LP < 3DUN . 6KLQ 0 DQG 6KLQ : 7KH SV\\FKRORJLFDO HIIHFWV RI D FDPSXV
IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ SURJUDP International Journal Environment Research Public Health ±
>@ <X & DQG +VLHK + %H\\RQG UHVWRUDWLYH EHQHILWV (YDOXDWLQJ WKH HIIHFW RI IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ RQ
FUHDWLYLW\\ Urban Forestry & Urban Greening ±
>@ -HRQ - .LP , <HRQ 3 DQG 6KLQ : 7KH SK\\VLRSV\\FKRORJLFDO HIIHFW RI IRUHVW WKHUDS\\
SURJUDPV RQ MXYHQLOH SUREDWLRQHUV International Journal Environment Research Public Health
±
>@ .RWHUD < DQG )LGR ' (IIHFWV RI VKLQULQ\\RNX UHWUHDW RQ PHQWDO KHDOWK D SLORW VWXG\\ LQ
)XNXVKLPD -DSDQ International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction ±
>@ 9XMFLF 0 DQG 7RPLFHYLF'XEOMHYLF - 8UEDQ IRUHVW EHQHILWV WR WKH \\RXQJHU SRSXODWLRQ 7KH
FDVH VWXG\\ RI WKH FLW\\ RI %HOJUDGH 6HUELD Forest policy and economics ±
>@ %LHOLQLV ( -DURV]HZVND $ àXNRZVNL $ DQG 7DND\\DPD 1 7KH HIIHFWV RI D IRUHVW WKHUDS\\
12
ICTS 2021
IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 959 (2022) 012027 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/959/1/012027
SURJUDPPH RQ PHQWDO KRVSLWDO SDWLHQWV ZLWK DIIHFWLYH DQG SV\\FKRWLF GLVRUGHUV International
Journal Environment Research Public Health ±
>@ .LP - -HRQ - DQG 6KLQ : 7KH LQIOXHQFH RI IRUHVW DFWLYLWLHV LQ D XQLYHUVLW\\ FDPSXV IRUHVW RQ
VWXGHQW
V SV\\FKRORJLFDO HIIHFWV International Journal Environment Research Public Health
±
>@ <L - /LP < 6KLQ 0 -HRQ 6 .LP - .DQJ % 6KLQ - .LP . -HRQJ $ 3DUN - &KRL - &KD :
6KLQ & 6KLQ : DQG .LP - 7UDGLWLRQDO .RUHDQ PHGLFLQHEDVHG IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ SURJUDPV
SURYLGLQJ HOHFWURSK\\VLRORJLFDO EHQHILWV IRU HOGHUO\\ LQGLYLGXDOV International Journal
Environment Research Public Health ±
>@ <L - .LP 6 .KLO 7 6KLQ 0 <RX - .X % &KRL - &KD : /HH + 6KLQ & 6KLQ : .LP - -HRQ
6 3DUN * -HRQJ $ /LP < .LP . .DQJ % /HH - 3DUN - DQG %RQFKR . 3V\\FKR
HOHFWURSK\\VLRORJLFDO EHQHILWV RI IRUHVW WKHUDSLHV IRFXVHG RQ TLJRQJ DQG ZDONLQJ ZLWK HOGHUO\\
LQGLYLGXDOV International Journal Environment Research Public Health ±
>@ 3DUN % 6KLQ & 6KLQ : &KXQJ & /HH 6 .LP ' .LP < DQG 3DUN & (IIHFWV RI IRUHVW
WKHUDS\\ RQ KHDOWK SURPRWLRQ DPRQJ PLGGOHDJHG ZRPHQ )RFXVLQJ RQ SK\\VLRORJLFDO
LQGLFDWRUV International Journal Environment Research Public Health ±
>@ 0DFKiþNRYi . 'XGtN 5 =HOHQê - .ROiĜRYi ' 9LQV = DQG 5LHGO 0 )RUHVW PDQQHUV
H[FKDQJH IRUHVW DV D SODFH WR UHPHG\\ ULVN\\ EHKDYLRXU RI DGROHVFHQWV PL[HG PHWKRGV DSSURDFK
International Journal Environment Research Public Health ±
>@ .LP - DQG 6KLQ : )RUHVW WKHUDS\\ DORQH RU ZLWK D JXLGH LV WKHUH D GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ VHOI
JXLGHG IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ DQG JXLGHG IRUHVW WKHUDS\\ SURJUDPV" International Journal Environment
Research Public Health ±
13