IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
PAPER • OPEN ACCESS
The benefits of stress relieving treatment in a
Healing Forest Program: A pilot project at Ranca
Upas, Ciwidey, West Java
To cite this article: B Baroqah et al 2021 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 918 012009
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The 2nd ISATrop2021
IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 918 (2021) 012009 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/918/1/012009
The benefits of stress relieving treatment in a Healing Forest
Program: A pilot project at Ranca Upas, Ciwidey, West Java
B Baroqah1, R G G Sudjata2 and D J Irawan3
1Ecotourism Business Unit, Perum Perhutani of West Java, Indonesia
2Ecotourism Business Unit, Perum Perhutani of West Java, Indonesia
3Commercial Division, Perum Perhutani Head Office, Jakarta, Indonesia
E-mail: bellabaroqah@gmail.com
Abstract. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the new normal has prioritized health and well-being
among others through nature-based healing as offered by Perum Perhutani, a state-owned
enterprise that manages forests in Java and Madura. Healing Forest or forest therapy is an activity
to relieve stress, both physically and mentally, combining nature-based healing media and stress
relieving activities. Due to the importance, one of the destinations managed by Perum Perhutani,
namely Ranca Upas, was chosen as the pilot project of the Healing Forest Program. This study
was aimed at determining healing treatments for relieving stress by utilizing the nature-based
healing media through natural forest characteristic indicators. Data collection techniques were
carried out through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with a psychiatrist as determinants of
treatments and also through modeling and direct simulations to acquire the results. The program
focused on two main indicators: forest characteristics and stress relieving treatments for 10
participants. The simulation results show significant improvements in participants’ oxygen level
absorption, blood pressure, and heart rate from pre-test until post-test. There were three base
treatments used in the simulation. Those treatments decreased the blood pressure for the average
6.1% (there were 3 participants out of 10 experiencing a change from high-normal to normal
blood pressure), decreased the heart rate per minute for the average 13.2% (with the result of
post-test were good and very good heart rated) and increased the oxygen level for the average
3.1% (there were 4 participants out of 10 experiencing a change from mild hypoxemia to normal
oxygen level). These findings provide healing treatments for relieving stress and anxiety by
utilizing the nature-based healing media through natural forest characteristic indicators.
1. Introduction
The Covid-19 pandemic has occurred worldwide since the end of 2019, including in Indonesia. Since
then, the pandemic has been affecting various business sectors, one of which is the tourism industry.
Tourist arrival in Indonesia has been decreasing significantly because of closing departure on every
entrance gate to Indonesia, international departure, and domestic departure (in some places). Therefore,
it has been impacting the revenue as well.Indonesia Joint Forum Discussion on
theindonesianinstitute.com has predicted the impact of covid-19 on the tourism industry in 2020, which
included destination, arts, food, and beverage service, tourist transportation service, MICE, culinary,
etc.
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
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IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 918 (2021) 012009 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/918/1/012009
It shows that tourism destinations would experience the high exposure of Covid-19. For that matter, it
means that tourism destinations would experience a bad moment in terms of visitor number. Despite
that fact, Ranca Upas has experienced an increase in visitor visits since 2019 by 119%, which means the
previous predictions have not always been correct for the natural attraction / ecotourism.
The government planned this situation in 2020 and declared that the world would experience a new
phase after the Covid-19 pandemic, known as the "New Normal" stage. The new normal stage in the
tourism sector has several characteristics that emphasize and prioritize health and safety. According to
the discussion of The Indonesia Forum in 2019, there would be disruption in tourist behavior since the
pandemic; they emphasize and prioritize safety and hygiene. Another fact has risen in this stage: the
increased stress level that has been accumulating since the beginning of the covid-19 period. At the
beginning of covid-19, the societies must have themselves isolated and quarantined or at the very least
reduced the mobility of going out from home. People who experience isolation and quarantine
experience significant changes in the level of anxiety, anger, confusion, and stress [1]). Vacation or
tourism journey is needed to relieve their mind and recharge their soul. Therefore, there are two
characteristics of tourism in a new normal stage in the eye of tourists; 1) prioritizes safety and hygiene
and 2) relieves stress and anxiety. This pilot project focused on two main indicators, which were forest
characteristics and stress relieving treatments. This program collaborates the wellness of natural forest
and stress relieving treatment into a healing treatment program to improve physical and mental human
health.
Healing Forest or forest therapy is an activity to relieve stress, both physically and mentally. Several
types of research showed that healing forest is an activity of forest bathing. Song [2] said that forest
bathing is an activity that allows the participant to feel and take the benefit of nature without any
exertions. Qing Li [3] also stated that nature's sounds, smells, and sights are the important factors in
fighting diseases of the body and mind even without walking and just staying in. However, Kim [4]
stated that a forest healing program composed of activities could enhance immunity and restore physical
and mental health. Based on those statements, this pilot project was conducted with the main objective
to determine healing treatments for relieving stress by utilizing the nature-based healing media through
natural forest biophysical characteristic indicators.
2. Methods
The method used for this research is simulation since it is suitable to be conducted with respect to the
nature of data collection. Simulation research is a form of research that aims to find an overview through
a scalable system wherein the model will be conducted manipulation or control to see its effect [5]. Data
collection techniques were carried out through literature review to determine the natural forest
characteristics and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with a psychiatrist as determinants of stress relieving
treatment. The simulation involved 10 participants who represented the age group above 20 years old,
30 years old, 40, and 50 years old, respectively. Those participants had filled the informed consent
before the simulation. The indicators were measured by Pulse Meter and Digital Oxy Meter from pre-
test until post-test to observe the level of the significant change of blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen
level’s enhancements in line with the reduction of the respondents’ stress level.
2.1. Determining natural forest characteristics for Healing Forest Program
It is important to determine the bio-physical characteristics of forest relieving stress program which
combined into one tourism package. Ranca Upas, the location for this pilot project, has been categorized
as Hutan Lindung (protected forest) managed by Perum Perhutani, famous for its camping area and deer
breeding conservation. Ranca upas is divided into blocks based on its function as a tourism attraction.
This pilot project is located on Healing Forest Block, as shown in figure 1.
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IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 918 (2021) 012009 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/918/1/012009
Figure1. Guide map Ranca Upas.
According to figure 1, Healing Forest Program is located on number 7, known as Leuweung Tengah
(Middle Forest). The characteristics of forest for stress relieving treatment should fulfill the potential of
hydrogen (pH) conditions of 4.5 – 6.0, air temperature of 18oC - 22oC, air humidity of 65 – 70% [2],
slope steepness flat to gentle (98.26 Ha – 28.125 Ha), noise level under 40 decibels [2], the vegetation
density is 70 – 100% [2], and vegetation types are heterogeneous, diversity of fauna sounds, and
hydrology.
2.2. Determining stress relieving treatment for healing forest program
Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with psychiatrists and Ranca Upas tourism coordinators was used to
specify the treatments, track course, and candidates before simulation was conducted. Psychiatrists were
appointed to discuss and choose the treatment to relieve stress, while Ranca Upas tourism coordinators
were appointed to discuss and choose the tracking course and candidates.
After the discussion and adjusting the time of the tracking course from base to base, several types of
stress relieving treatments were decided as follows; 1) Emotional Freedom Technique Therapy, 2) Art
Therapy, 3) Yoga Therapy, 4) Emotional Wrapping. Each treatment positively affected stress and
anxiety levels based on the psychiatrist's experience by measuring reduced blood pressure, heart rate
normalization, and reduced hypoxemia degree. The research of Emotional Freedom Technique Therapy
was conducted and showed that this treatment has reduced anxiety by 40%, depression by 35%, and post
traumatic disorder by 32% [6] . Visnola [7] has also tested that Art Therapy reduced salivary cortisol
levels by 8.79 ± 3.16 on their respondents. Finally, Yoga Therapy and Emotional Wrapping have the
effectiveness to reduce systolic blood pressure for 32.48%, diastolic blood pressure for 35%, pulse
pressure for 33.83%, and mean arterial pressure for 35.52% for the average session seven times [8] .
The simulation was conducted to measure the effectiveness of the Healing Forest Program for
relieving stress and anxiety from 10 participants. Those measurements were conducted by determining
their systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen level (SpO2) from first base to another. The
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IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 918 (2021) 012009 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/918/1/012009
classifications of each indicator were taken from literature and listed in table 1, table 2, and table 3,
along with the explanation from each number’s category.
Table 1. Classification of hypertension based on Office
Blood Pressure (BP) Measurement [9]
Rate
Normal BP
High-normal BP
Grade 1 hypertension
Grade 2 hypertension
Systolic
(mmHg)
<130
130 – 139
140 – 159
≥160
Age
20 – 29
30 – 39
40 – 49
>50
Table 2. Indicators of human heart rate [10] .
Less
<60
<64
<66
<68
Amount of heart rate / minute
Enough
Good
60 – 69
70 – 85
65 – 71
72 – 87
66 – 73
72 – 89
68 – 75
79 – 91
Very Good
>85
>87
>89
>91
Table 3. The degree of hypoxemia is based on the SpO2 [11].
Hypoxemia degree
Normal
Normal Range
Mild Hypoxemia
Moderate Hypoxemia
Severe Hypoxemia
SpO2 (%)
95 – 97
>94
90 – 94
75 – 89
<75
3. Results and discussion
Empirical evidence was found as one of the reasons for conducting this research. As Indonesia Joint
Forum Discussion on theindonesianinstitute.com in 2020 predicted that destination would experience
the high exposure of covid-19, this is not in line with the fact that Ranca Upas tourism destination
actually experienced a significant increase in tourist visits.
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IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 918 (2021) 012009 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/918/1/012009
Figure 2. Prediction of covid-19 impact on the tourism industry in Indonesia.
Figure 2 shows that the tourism destination is in the red zone, which means it would experience a
high exposure of covid-19. However, we can see from table 4 the opposite fact from figure 2.
Table 4. Data on tourist visits of Ranca Upas since the Covid-19 pandemic.
Year
2019
2020
Until May 2021
Domestic
tourist
100.166
205.583
114.003
International
tourist
1.117
189
1
Ranca Upas has experienced an increase in visitor visits since 2019 by 119%. According to that
fact, it means that those predictions have not been appropriate in the natural attraction/ecotourism,
especially in Ranca Upas.
Simulation of Healing Forest Program at Ranca Upas was conducted from April to May 2021,
involving 10 participants. The simulation ran well, that all of the participants felt better after the program
activities. In total, the simulation was carried out for 3 hours. Looking back to the main focus of this
research, there are two main indicators; 1) forest biophysical characteristics, 2) stress relieving
treatment. The characteristics of the forest for the program were achieved. The simulation results showed
significant improvements in participants’ oxygen level absorption, blood pressure, and heart rate from
pre-test until post-test. Three base treatments were used in the simulation; 1) Emotional Freedom
Technique, 2) Art Therapy, 3) Mindfulness Yoga and Wrapping Emotion. Combination of benefits of
the forest and a series of treatments under the supervision of psychiatrists and tourism coordinators were
proven to have succeeded in reducing stress levels for 10 participants, as evidenced by a decrease in
blood pressure by an average of 6.1%, an increase in heart rate by an average of 13.2%, and increased
oxygen levels by an average of 3.1%.
3.1. Forest biophysical characteristics for Healing Forest Program
Ranca Upas is located in West Java, Indonesia with 46.8 km from the central city, Bandung (see figure
3). Ranca Upas is classified as Hutan Lindung (protected forest) with various types of flora and fauna,
managed by Ecotourism Business Unit, Perum Perhutani of West Java, famous for its camping ground
and deer breeding area. Leuweung Tengah, now called Healing Forest Block in Ranca Upas Ecotourism
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Attraction, was chosen to be the pilot project of Healing Forest. The location is quite far from the main
attraction in Ranca Upas and people also rarely knew this potential location.
Figure 3. Location map of the study area.
Figure 4. Map of the initial condition of Ranca Upas Ecotourism Area.
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Figure 5. Leuweung Tengah, Ranca Upas.
Several measurements were done to determine the forest biophysical characteristics for this program.
The indicators are as follows; 1) soil, 2) air temperature, 3) altitude, 4) slope steepness, 5) noise level,
6) flora and fauna, 7) hydrology. Furthermore, the detailed measurements will be shown in the next
section.
3.1.1. Soil. Type of soil in Ranca Upas are alluvial and andosol. Alluvial soil is soil derived from silt
that is carried through rivers. This soil is fertile and appropriate for agricultural materials, especially for
food ingredients. Alluvial sedimentary material is a very potential soil-forming material for the material
is the result of deposition, is generally located in a flat area and close to water sources [12]. Andosol is
the type of new or young soil, is black or dark brown, crumbly, and has high organic matter content.
This soil is also fertile and appropriate for dryland agriculture and mixed gardens.
Figure 6. Soil condition of Leuweung Tengah, Ranca Upas.
3.1.2. Air temperature. The suitable air temperature for relieving treatment is inside a microclimate
condition with a temperature of 180c - 220c.
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Figure 7. Result of air temperature. The
measurement of air temperature took from the
simulation at 10.21 a.m in Leuweung Tengah,
Ranca Upas, and the result is 210c. It was
indicated that the pilot project's location can
fulfill the qualification of air temperature for
relieving treatment.
3.1.3. Altitude. Leuweung Tengah, Ranca Upas has a scenic landscape with an altitude of 1.700 masl
and is classified as a mild climate zone. According to Junghun, the climate is divided into four zones:
hot climate zone, moderate climate zone, mild climate zone, and cold climate zone. Mild climate zone
has an altitude of 1.500 – 2.500 masl [13]. The altitude of 1.700 masl is classified into a mild climate
zone.
3.1.4. Slope class. Slope steepness or gradient from flat to gentle is one of the forest characteristics that
must be achieved for relieving treatment. The slope for the whole Ranca Upas area has been classified
into four slope classes and shown in table 5.
Table 5. Slope gradient class of Ranca Upas area.
Class
1
2
3
4
Class
Flat
Gentle
Moderate steep
Steep
Area (Ha)
98,26
28,125
10,355
1,627
Based on table 5, Ranca Upas has various topography, ranging from flat to steep, dominantly located
on a flat slope of 98,26 Ha. The gentle slope has an area of 28,125 Ha, while the steep slope is 1,627 Ha
for the slope of Pasir Cadas Panjang. The highest point is at an altitude of 1,830 masl on the slopes of
Pasir Cadas Panjang, while the lowest point is at an altitude of 1,740 masl on the slopes of Pasir
Punceling.
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Figure 8. Slope map of Ranca Upas Ecotourism Area.
Leweung Tengah, as the area used for this pilot project, is located in Class 1. This result is located
in the flat area and appropriate to be used for relieving treatment.
3.1.5. Noise level. This indicator is one of the important things considered for conducting relieving
treatment. Moreover, Ranca Upas is a tourism area that has visitors each time. According to this
situation, Leweung Tengah was chosen because it is quite far from the main area, and not everyone
knows it. Several measurements of noise level were conducted in every point of Healing Forest tracking,
and the result is shown in figure 9.
Figure 9. Measurement of the noise level.
According to the qualification of relieving treatment, the noise level is under 40 decibels (dB). As
shown in figure 9, Leuweung Tengah has 33 – 33.7 dB, which means that the qualification is achieved.
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3.1.6. Flora and fauna
3.1.6.1. Vegetation / flora. Flora in Ranca Upas Ecotourism includes the following species, namely
Puspa trees (schima walichii), Jamuju (Podocarpus nerrifolia), Huru, Kitambang, Kihujan, Hamirung,
Kurai, and Pasang, while the rest are grass, ferns, and shrubs [14]
Figure 10. Vegetation of Ranca Upas.
Besides the heterogeneous flora, vegetation density is also considered to fulfill the requirements of
biophysical characteristics for relieving treatment. The vegetation density’s requirement reaches 70% -
100%. The measurement is shown in figure 11 when conducted the simulation.
Figure 11. Vegetation density of Leuweung Tengah.
Figure 10 and figure 11 shows that the flora of Leuweung Tengah, Ranca Upas is heterogeneous,
and the vegetation density has reached 70% – 100% [15].
3.1.6.2. Fauna. Ranca Upas, besides being an area of the camping ground, is also used as a deer breeding
area and has a special area for deer breeding area. Other faunas in Ranca Upas are turtledoves, crows,
eagles, surili, monkeys, and tigers.
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Figure 12. Deer breeding area of Ranca Upas.
When doing the simulation, the sound of animals was heard, such as cicadas and birds. The natural
sounds of animals, especially birds, have a beneficial impact on human health. The impact can directly
be felt to improve mood, cognitive performance, decrease pain and decrease heart rate [16]. It means
that there is a diversity of fauna sounds in Leuweung Tengah.
3.1.7 Hydrology. The hydrological characteristics of an area are determined by its geological and
geographical conditions, and climate has an important role in determining these characteristics. The
river flow that flows in Ranca Upas comes from Ci Karancang and distributes for camping activities
such as bathing, soaking, and drinking. Ranca Upas also has natural hot springs, and some of them are
used as a tourism attraction, called Onsen Ranca Upas.
Figure 13. Water sources in Ranca Upas.
The simulation was conducted calmly with the combination of fauna sounds and river flows. The
natural hot springs were included in the Healing Forest package at the end of the treatments. The
summary of natural forest characteristics that have been achieved to conduct the Healing Forest Program
in Ranca Upas is in table 6.
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Indicators
Soil
Air temperature
Altitude
Sloop steepness
Noise level
Flora
Fauna
Hydrology
Table 6. Indicators of natural forest characteristics.
Explanation
Alluvial and andosol
180c - 220c
1.700 masl
98.26 Ha
33 – 33.7 decibel
Puspa, Jamuju, Huru, Kitambang,
Kihujan, Hamirung, Kurai, Pasang
and type of grass, fern plants and
shrubs
Deer breeding area, turtledoves,
crows, eagles, Surili, monkeys,
tiger, cicadas, birds
Ci Karancang river flow and hot
spring
Classification
Fertile soil
Mild climate
zone
Mild climate
zone
Flat to gentle
Under 40 decibel
Heterogeneous
Heterogeneous
animal sounds
River flow sound
Achieved (A) / Not
Achieved (NA)
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
3.2. Stress relieving treatment for healing forest program
This simulation took 10 participants representing the age above 20 years old, 30 years old, 40 years old,
and 50 years old, respectively. The method used is qualitative research by simulation approach. Data
collection techniques were carried out through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with a psychiatrist as
determinants of treatments and also through modeling and direct simulations to acquire the results.
Focus Group Discussion (FGD) resulted in the required types of treatment and a pre-determined flow
of activities for the simulation of the Healing Forest Program.
Figure 14. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with psychiatrist team.
3.2.1. Types of stress relieving treatment. As explained before, the psychiatrists were invited to be a
determinant of stress relieving treatment on the psychological health side. The effectiveness of distance
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and time estimation among bases was also taken into consideration. Finally, it came up with the
treatment results, including; 1) Emotional Freedom Technique, 2) Art Therapy, 3) Mindfulness Yoga,
and 4) Wrapping Emotion. The benefits of those treatments are explained in table 7.
Table 7. Types and benefits of stress relieving treatment
Stress relieving
treatment
Emotional Freedom
Technique (EFT)
Art therapy
Mindfulness Yoga
Definition
Benefit
Stimulating the
body’s meridian
points by tapping the
main meridian using
fingers.
Participants are
focused, calm down
and feel relaxed when
drawing and coloring
and helps them to
express and explore
their potential.
Deep relaxation
through yoga
movements.
Relieve stress, reduce anxiety
and improve the relationship
between body and mind.
Improve mental, physical, and
emotional health. Furthermore,
participants can develop their
stress coping skills.
Improve the endocrine glands
(hormonal) function in the
body and increase blood
circulation to all body cells and
brain.
3.2.2 Flow of activities of HF simulation. There are three bases of the simulation, starting from medical
checkup until finish base. Those activities are determined by considering the time distance and condition
for each base location. A detailed explanation is in table 8. In order to give an appreciation to the
participants, the certificate with the result was given to each participant.
Table 8. The base of HF simulation
Base
First
base
Program
Medical check up
Caraka Alam (forest
bathing)
Second Art therapy
base
Activity
Collecting participant’s identity data by
form, checking body temperature, checking
blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen
level, and taking a short interview to find
out the real condition of participants.
Hike through the tracking course by
maximizing the power of the five senses.
Participants are not allowed to talk to each
other and walk in the distance with other
participants. They also are not allowed to
use a smartphone or other electronic
devices while doing the simulation.
Participants were given picture and
painting tools then they started to paint the
picture using whatever color they wanted.
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Caraka Alam (forest
bathing)
Third
base
Yoga therapy
Emotional wrapping
Finish
Relaxation
Participants are allowed to express their
creativity by choosing a color.
Tracking down the road by maximizing the
power of five senses. Participants are not
allowed to talk to others and are given the
distance between participants. They also
are not allowed to use a smartphone or
other electronic device while doing the
simulation.
Mindfulness yoga guided by a yoga
instructor was conducted. Each participant
was given a mattress, so they could focus
on their selves along with the treatment.
This is the additional treatment to give
participants the opportunity to reflect and
experience the process of their life journey
through the drawing process. Finally, the
participants can be more grateful for life.
Participants are re-examined regarding
their physical and psychological condition
after doing those treatments and activities.
They were conducting post-medical check-
ups to measure their blood pressure, heart
rate, and oxygen level. Participants also
filled out the activity evaluation sheet.
This is the reward given to participants
after doing the whole activities from pre-
test until post-test. The form of relaxation
is by doing foot bath in hot spring of Onsen,
Ranca Upas.
3.3. The combination between natural forest and stress relieving treatment on HF program
The measurement tool used to conduct the simulation is Pulse Meter and Digital Oxy Meter from pretest
until post-test to observe the significantly decreased level of blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen
level’s enhancements in line with the reduction of the respondents’ stress level. The detailed result of
measurement is shown in figure 15, figure 16, and figure 17.
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Result of systolic blood pressure
on HF Program
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
23 40 32 31 41 27 29 35 48 54
Base 1
Base 2
Base 3
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10
Figure 15. Changes result of systolic blood pressures on HF program.
The simulation influenced the decrease of blood pressure for an average of 6.1%. There were 3
participants out of 10 experiencing a change from high-normal to normal blood pressure.
Result of heart rate on HF Program
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
23 40 32 31 41 27 29 35 48 54
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10
Base 1
Base 2
Base 3
Figure 16. Changes result of heart rate on HF program.
The simulation produces an increased heart rate per minute for an average of 13.2%, with the result
of the posttest being good and a very good heart rate based on each participant’s age. The simulation
produces an increase in oxygen level for an average of 3.1%. There were 4 participants out of 10
experiencing a change from mild hypoxemia to normal oxygen level.
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Result of oxygen level (SpO2%)
on HF Program
100
99
98
97
96
95
94
93
92
91
90
23 40 32 31 41 27 29 35 48 54
Base 1
Base 2
Base 3
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10
Figure 17. Changes result of oxygen level (SpO2%) on HF program.
4. Conclusions
The simulation showed that there are significant impacts of forest biophysical characteristics and stress
relieving treatments on the participants. Three benefits were determined on this research; the first is
environmental benefits, the second is mind and body wellness, and the third is business purpose. These
findings suggested that the treatments are suitable to be applied during the recommended healing
activities in the forests with their natural characteristics. The cost of the activities was also not spending
a lot of money. Therefore, it can be applied in other nature tourism destinations as a promising tour
package and also considering and introducing the forest therapist profession in Indonesia. Furthermore,
the participants may perform a preventive measure to understand their stress condition, manage their
anxiety, know their self-potential, and improve their quality of life.
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Acknowledgments
We are enormously grateful to Perum Perhutani, Kesatuan Bisnis Mandiri (KBM) Ecotourism, Regional
Division of West Java, and Banten for the support given to us to conduct several activities so this paper
could be done well. We also express our gratitude to Mr. Agus Mashudi as General Manager of KBM
Ecotourism, Mr. Kuspriyadi as Marketing and Sale Manager of KBM Ecotourism for warm support,
inspiration, and thoughtful guidance. Special thanks delivered to Mr. Eko Singgih Kurniawan as Duty
Manager of Ranca Upas and Mr. Trisna Mulyana as Cluster Manager of Ciwidey for helping us prepare
the locus of the pilot project and all necessary facilities to serve. We also wish to express our deep thanks
to all the Marketing and Creative Team members of Perum Perhutani, KBM Ecotourism, for their
kindness and cooperation in introducing this pilot project to communities and clients while conducting
the pilot project.
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